2022年09月大学英语四级详解第1套.docx
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2022年9月大学英语四级考试真题(一)答案与详解Part I Writing参考范文:An Application for the Volunteer Teaching Program Dear Sir or Madam,As a freshman majoring in math,I’m writing to apply for our school’s volunteer teaching program in remote rural areas.My reasons come as follows.Born and bred in the mountainous region of Yunnan Province,I have received guidance and support,both financially and spiritually,from volunteer teachers since primary school.Therefore,I would cherish every opportunity to light up others’lives with my knowledge.Besides,I know so well about the hardship of life,hopes of parents,and the children’s thirst for knowledge.I would take with me both professional teaching skills I have acquired in our university and the optimistic attitude towards life and heavy workload there.Finally,I have a very strong sense of responsibility and am willing to take supplementary roles,such as a school counselor,a food safety monitor,and a cheer-leading coach.Such issues are of equal importance to teaching and learning with regards to the all-round development of kids.I really appreciate your consideration and look forward to contributing to the teaching in remote rural areas.Yours,Li Ming PartⅡListening Comprehension Section A Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.(1)White meat,such as chicken,may raise blood cholesterol levels as much as red meat does.This finding surprised researchers,who admitted they didn’t expect that eating white meat would lead to higher blood cholesterol levels.In the study,researchers looked at 113 healthy people.The participants ate three different diets.These were a red meat diet which is primarily beef,a white meat diet which is mostly chicken and turkey,and a vegetarian protein diet.Each diet period was four weeks.Between the diet periods,participants had a break,during which they ate their regular foods.In addition,participants had blood tests at the start and finish of each new diet.The results showed that white and red meat diets had the same effects on blood cholesterol levels.Further,both diets increased blood cholesterol levels compared with the diet built on vegetarian protein sources.(2)The team acknowledged that it is possible that white meat is better for our health than red meat despite their findings.This is because other effects of red meat consumption could contribute to heart disease independent of cholesterol.Their main recommendations are that people eat less of both kinds of meat and more vegetarian protein.答案详解1.What do we learn from the news report about the study?D)【精析】事实细节题。新闻开头提到,鸡肉等白肉可能会像红肉一样提高血液胆固醇水平,这一发现让研究人员感到惊讶。因此,答案为D)。2.What did the researchers acknowledge?C)【精析】事实细节题。新闻中提到,研究小组承认,白肉比红肉可能更有益于我们的健康。因此,答案为C。Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.At around half past nine this morning,a trailer attached to a lorry turned over at the crossing of High Street in Milton.Hundreds of frozen turkeys were spilled allover the road.It is reported that nobody was hurt in the incident,but police said it may affect traffic and Christmas dinners.(3)With just one week to go before Christmas,there are worries that local supermarket supplies of this holiday favorite may be affected.A police spokeswoman said that officers were currently in attendance at the scene.She stated that the driver of the lorry had been arrested on suspicion of dangerous driving.(4)The crossing on High Street is a well-known accident blackspot.This year alone,there have been seven traffic accidents at this location.Thankfully,none of these accidents have resulted in serious injury.答案详解3.What does the news report say about the accident at the crossing of High Street in Milton?B)【精析】事实细节题。新闻开头提到,今天早上9:30左右,一辆挂在卡车上的拖车在米尔顿的商业街十字路口翻倒了,数百只冷冻火鸡散落在道路上。接着新闻指出离圣诞节只有一周了,人们担心当地超市的火鸡供应可能会受到影响。因此,答案为B)。4.What do we learn about the crossing on High Street?C)【精析】事实细节题。新闻中提到,商业街的十字路口是有名的交通事故多发地区。仅今年一年,这个地方就已经发生七起交通事故了。因此,答案为C)。Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.India launched its helicopter taxi service on Monday,promising to ferry customers the 40 miles between Bangalore’s Electronic City tech hub and the International Airport terminal in 15 minutes.Customers can book their helicopter ride through a mobile app.(5)The service,which claims to be the first of its kind in India,offers only one route,but Bangalore airport will add more once it gets approval.Helicopter taxi is not an affordable option for many travelers.(6)A car ride for the same journey costs less than half as much.(7)But Bangalore airport says it is a competitive alternative to a car ride for tech executives in a hurry.“A large number of high-class travelers,including CEOs,have to spend more than three hours by road to get there—and that is a loss of time,"a Bangalore airport spokesperson said.“This is not a low cost option,but it is an option,”she added.The helicopters ferried around eight customers to the airport on their first day.The company that owns and operates the service is called Thumby Aviation.It previously specialized in private charter flights for government officials.答案详解5.What is Bangalore airport trying to do about the helicopter taxi service?A)【精析】事实细节题。新闻中提到,印度推出的计程直升机服务据称是其国内前所未有的,只有一条航线,但一旦获得批准,班加罗尔机场将增加更多航线。因此,答案为A)。6.What do we learn from the news report about the helicopter taxi ride?A)【精析】细节推断题。新闻中提到,乘坐计程直升机对于许多旅客来说是负担不起的选择,同样的行程乘坐汽车的费用不到它的一半。由此推断,乘坐计程直升机的费用是乘坐汽车的两倍多。因此,答案为A)。7.Who are the targeted customers of the helicopter taxi service?B)【精析】细节推断题。新闻中提到,班加罗尔机场表示,对于匆忙赶路的技术高管来说,计程直升机是一种有竞争力的备选出行方式。对于包括首席执行官在内的大量高端旅客,三个多小时的陆路车程是一种时间上的浪费。由此推断,计程直升机服务的目标客户不是普通人,而是高端旅客。因此,答案为B)。Section B Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W:(8-1)Hi,I wish to buy some cheese for a barbecue this weekend.M:What kind would you like?W:Sorry,I don’t know much about cheese.What type do you think would be suitable for a barbecue?M:That’s easy!For a barbecue,you could have any cheese you want.I imagine there will be different foods and people will just help themselves and eat at their own pace,right?W:Yes,exactly.It will be very casual.(8-2)We will just be a small group of friends gathering together at Washington Park.There will be around 20 of us,including children.M:(9-1)Great!So you could have different types of cheese.How much would you like to spend?W:Not very much.Let’s say$30.M:(9-2)I would suggest having at least one soft cheese and one hard cheese.That will offer you a good variety to suit different people’s tastes.W:That sounds good.What’s the difference between a soft cheese and a hard cheese?M:Well,it depends.But generally speaking,soft cheeses are creamy and go well with sweet things like honey and jam.(10)I would suggest something like this Spanish goat cheese.It’s only$15,a very good price.You can spread it on bread with a knife,and then add a tiny bit of honey on top.It’s delicious.Children love it.W:Okay,great.What about a hard cheese?M:Yes,for hard cheese,I would recommend this Italian one here.It has a very strong smelland a dry flavor.You can cut it into thin slices and eat it on its own.It’s$16.W:(11)Okay,I’ll take both.Thank you for your help.答案详解8.What does the woman plan to do for the weekend?D)【精析】细节推断题。对话开头,女士说想买些奶酪周末烧烤用,是一小群朋友在华盛顿公园聚会。由此可以推断,女士周末计划举办一次聚会。因此,答案为D)。9.What does the man suggest the woman do?B)【精析】事实细节题。男士在了解了女士周末烧烤的基本情况后,建议女士购买不同类型的奶酪,至少买一块软奶酪和一块硬奶酪,这会满足不同人的口味。因此,答案为B)。10.What does the man say about Spanish goat cheese?D【精析】事实细节题。在谈到软奶酪时,男士建议女士买西班牙山羊奶酪,价格很合适,可以把奶酪抹到面包上,然后在上面加一点蜂蜜,孩子们喜欢吃。因此,答案为D)。11.What is the woman going to do at the end of the conversation?A)【精析】事实细节题。对话中,男士向女士推荐了软硬两种奶酪并介绍了各自的优点,女士听后表示两种都要买。因此,答案为A)。Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M:Our school is replacing printed textbooks with e-textbooks next semester.I can’t wait.W:Really?(12)What about the cost,not only buying all those tablets,but the software and electronic infrastructure that goes with it,not to mention retraining all the teachers and administration staff?M:Sure,the initial expenditure will be high,but much lower afterwards.Besides that,tablet prices continue to drop and are becoming increasingly affordable.(13)Anyway,tablets help students learn up to 80%faster.W:Not necessarily.(14)Tablets have too many distractions.Students may pay attention to apps,games and websites instead of their teachers.In fact,research suggests that people who read printed text comprehend more,remember more and learn 30%more than those who read digital text.M:Yes.But tablets contain many technological features that are not found in printed textbooks.Think about it.Students are able to highlight and edit text,write notes and search for information much more quickly than they can with printed textbooks.And what about all those trees that are cut down to make printed books?W:Actually,manufacturing tablets is environmentally destructive and dangerous to human health.(15)The health impacts from making one electronic reader are 70 times greater than those from making a single printed book.A lot of minerals are extracted from the earth to make electronic readers.It does far more damage to the environment.M:Yes.But the software for electronic readers can be updated instantly without the need for buying a whole lot of new books.That’s better for the environment.W:But the core curriculum doesn’t change that much.Printed textbooks that are not brand new,still contain the basic relevant information of core subjects.M:Well,I’m looking forward to the change.W:I’ll stick with my printed books.答案详解12.What does the woman say about using e-textbooks?C)【精析】事实细节题。对话开头,男士非常期待下学期使用电子课本,女士却不以为然,她认为使用电子课本不仅要购买平板电脑,还要购买配套的软件和电子设备,还要对所有教师和管理人员进行再培训,这需要花费很多钱。由此可知,使用电子课本需要购买平板电脑和软件。因此,答案为C)。13.According to the man,how can the use of tablets benefit students?A)【精析】事实细节题。对话中,男士认为平板电脑可以帮助学生提高80%的学习速度。由此可知,男士认为使用平板电脑能提高学习效率。因此,答案为A)。14.What does the woman say about students using tablets?D)【精析】事实细节题。女士认为平板电脑干扰太多,学生可能会不关注老师而关注应用程序、游戏和网站。也就是说,使用平板电脑的学生更容易分心。因此,答案为D)。15.What does the woman say about making electronic readers?B)【精析】事实细节题。对话中,女士认为制造平板电脑会破坏环境,并危害人类的健康。生产一台电子阅读器对健康的影响比制作一本纸质书强70倍,制造电子阅读器对环境造成的损害比制作纸质书大得多。因此,答案为B)。Section C Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.In social psychology,the term“person perception”refers to the mental processes that we use to form impressions of other people.(16)It includes not just how we form these impressions,but the conclusions we make about other people based on our impressions.Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day.When you meet with a new coworker,you immediately begin to develop an initial impression of this person.When you visit the grocery store,you might draw conclusions about the cashier who checks you out.(17)Obviously,person perception is a very subjective process that can be affected by a number of variables,including the characteristics of the person you are observing,the context of the situation,your own personal traits,and your past experiences.One of the techniques we use in person perception is social categorization.In this process,we mentally categorize people into different groups based on common characteristics.(18)Problems with this technique include the fact that it can lead to errors and prejudice.Imagine that you are getting on a bus.There are only two seats available.One is next to a small,elderly woman;the other is next to a muscular,fierce-looking man.You sit next to the elderly woman,who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets.Because of social categorization,you immediately judge the woman as harmless,and the man as threatening,leading to the loss of your wallet.答案详解16.What does the passage say we tend to do every day?个非常主观的过程,它会受到许多变量的影响。因此,答案为B)。C)【精析】细节推断题。短文开头指出,“个体知觉”不仅包括我们如何形成对他人的印象,还包括我们根据这些印象对他人做出的结论,并举例说明我们经常做这样的事情。由此可知,我们经常根据第一印象对他人做出判断。因此答案为C)。17.What do we learn about person perception from this passage?B)【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到,个体知觉是一18.What is the problem with using social categorization in person perception?A)【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到,我们在个体知觉中使用的一个技巧是社会分类,在这个过程中,我们根据共同的特征在心理上将人们分为不同的群体。这种技巧的问题是它可能导致错误和偏见。因此,答案为A)。Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.(19)Despite smartphones and social media,young people today are as socially competent as those from the previous generation.At least this is what a new study suggests.For the study,researchers compared teacher and parent evaluations of American children who started kindergarten in 1998,with those who began school in 2010.The former group entered kindergarten when mobile phones were luxuries.The latter group started school when mobile devices were widespread.Results showed both groups of children were rated similarly on important social skills.These included their ability to form and maintain friendships and get along with people who are different.They were also rated similarly on self-control,such as the ability to regulate their temper.In virtually every comparison made,ratings of social skills either remain constant or improved for the children born later.(20)There was one exception:Social skills were slightly lower for children who accessed online games and social networking sites many times a day.(21)Adults are worried when technological change starts to undermine traditional relationships,particularly the parent-child relationship.The introduction of telephones,automobiles and radio all led to moral panic among adults of the time,because the technology allowed children to enjoy more freedom.Fears over screen-based technology represent the most recent panic in response to technological change.But overall,the study found little evidence that time spent on screens was hurting social skills for most children.答案详解19.What does the new study suggest about young people today and those from the previous generation?D)【精析】事实细节题。短文开头提到,一项新的研究指出,今天的年轻人尽管有智能手机和社交媒体,他们与上一代人有相似的社交能力。由此可知,两个群体在社交能力方面相似。因此,答案为D)。20.What did the study find about children who accessed social networking sites many times a day?A)【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到,尽管两个群体在测试中得分相当,但有一个例外:一天多次访问在线游戏和社交网站的儿童社交技能稍低。由此可知,一天多次访问社交网站的儿童,其社交技能会受到负面影响。因此,答案为A)。21.What is adults’worry about technological change?C)【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到,当技术变革开始破坏传统关系,尤其是亲子关系时,成年人感到担忧。由此可知,成年人担忧的是技术变革可能破坏他们与孩子的关系。因此,答案为C)。Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.It’s easy to spend allday searching for inspiration.You can find incredible videos,articles and news stories about the success o others.read an article or listen to an interview,you’re practicing passive inspiration.You might learn something,but you don’t actually have to do anything.Hearing about other people’s success isn’t the same as creating your own.Instead,it is through the process of active inspiration—the act of creating things,applying new ideas to our goals,and making mistakes—that we discover who we are and what is important to us.(23)Furthermore,active inspiration is what results in long-term passion and enthusiasm.Watching someone else’s success might leave you feeling excited for a few minutes.However,taking action and applying a new idea to your life will inspire you more than anything someone else can say.Learning and listening can help you think about things in a different way.But creating,producing,and experimenting is what drives you forward.(24)Passive inspiration can give you ideas,but active inspiration will give you power.Too often we spend our lives consuming the world around us instead of creating it.And what matters is the power your actions have to inspire you.(25)The best inspiration comes from the application of ideas,not the consumption of them.答案详解22.What does the speaker say about inspiration from consuming others’ideas and success stories?B)【精析】事实细节题。短文开头提到,寻找灵感是很容易的,你可以找到关于他人成功的令人难以置信的视频、文章和新闻报道,但问题在于,消费他人的成功和想法是被动的灵感。因此,答案为B)。23.What do we learn from the passage about active inspiration?C)【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到,积极的灵感会带来长期的激情和热情。因此,答案为C)。C)选项中的breeds与原文中的results in属于同义替换,表示“引起”。24.What does the passage say passive inspiration can do?D)【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到,被动的灵感可以给你想法,但积极的灵感会给你力量。因此,答案为D)。25.Where does the best inspiration come from according to the passage?B)【精析】事实细节题。短文最后提到,最好的灵感来自于应用想法,而不是消费这些想法。因此,答案为B)。PartⅢReading Comprehension Section A【词性分析】名词:E)fortune巨款;运气;I)opposite相反的人(事物);J)profession行业,职业;K)purpose目的;用途;O)wrong坏事,恶行动词:A)accommodate适应;C)acquiring获得;得到;D)bothered使(某人)烦恼;打扰;F)fulilling实现;G)identify确认;发现;L)ranked具有……等级(地位);M)released公开发表,发布;O)wrong不公正地对待,冤枉形容词:D)bothered担心的;F)fulfilling令人满意的;I)opposite相反的;O)wrong错误的副词:B)accordingly相应地;H)literally确实地;字面上;I)opposite在对面;N)similarly类似地;O)wrong错误地答案详解26.【考点】名词辨析题。E)【语法判断】空格前有介词about和and连接的并列名词fame,因此本空应填入名词。【语义判断】空格所在句意为:尽管有92%的人认为别人最在乎名声和,但只有不到10%的人把这些品质考虑到自己的成功中。and一般连接意思相近的词或短语,备选项中,跟fame“名声”意思相近的只有fortune“巨款”。fame and fortune=being rich and famous,意为“名和利”,因此答案为E)fortune。factor..into意为“把……考虑在内”。27.【考点】语义理解题。M)【语法判断】空格前是副词newly,空格后是名词study,因此本空应填入形容词或动词的过去分词形式。【语义判断】空格所在句意为:这是根据哈佛大学教育研究生院的教授托德·史密斯最新研究得出的结论。由句意可知,本空应填入含有“公布,发表”意义的词,由此确定答案为M)released。在这里released是动词的过去分词作定语,修饰study。备选的其他形容词和动词均没有此含义,因此排除。28.【考点】语义理解题。D)【语法判断】空格前有be动词was,空格后有介词by,因此本空应填入形容词或动词的-ed形式。【语义判断】空格所在句意为:史密斯说,过去关于成功的研究“假设人们会关心什么”,这让他。由句意可知,本空应填入表达某种情绪的词,由此确定答案为D)bothered。备选的其他形容词和动词-ed形式均不能表达情绪,因此排除。29.【考点】形容词辨析题。I【语法判断】空格前有定冠词the,后面有名词direction,因此本空应填入形容词。【语义判断】空格所在句意为:在这项研究中,他的团队“走向方向”,花了数年时间进行个人访谈和群体调查,就为了弄明白人们在谈论成功时真正谈论的是什么。由此可知,史密斯的团队与以前研究成功的团队采取了截然不同的方式,他们没有对成功的定义做出假设,因此本空应填入含有“不同的,相反的”意义的形容词,由此确定答案为I)opposite。备选的其他形容词均没有此含义,因此排除。30.【考点】副词辨析题。H)【语法判断】分析句子结构可知,本句成分完整,因此空格处应填入副词作状语。【语义判断】空格所在句意为:作为一名科学家,史密斯以研究个性为生。将备选副词分别代入句中,只有literally“确实”符合句意,因此答案为H)。B)accordingly、N)similarly和O)wrong代入句中均不符合句意,故排除。31.【考点】名词辨析题。K)【语法判断】空格前有不定冠词a,空格后有介词in,因此本空应填入名词。【语义判断】空格所在句意为:甚至他惊讶地发现,年轻的受访者更关心生活要有。将备选名词代入句中,只有purpose“目的”使句意通顺,故答案为K)purpose。32.【考点】动词辨析题。F)【语法判断】空格所在句的句子主干是values focused more on..than…。than在这里用于引出比较的第二部分,前面是名词词组stable incomes,故后面的应该是名词词组或动名词词组。若than后面出现动词,通常用动词-ing形式。【语义判断】空格所在句意为:这可能是因为年长的人在刚开始职业生涯时选择较少,当时的价值观更关注稳定的收入,而不是个人使命。将备选词分别代入句中,只有fulfilling personal missions“实现个人使命”符合句意,由此确定答案为F)。C)acquiring“获得;得到”不符合句意,故排除。33.【考点】动词辨析题。L)【语法判断】空格前的Being a parent是本句的主语,本句缺少谓语,因此本空应填入动词。【语义判断】空格所在句意为:在所有研究参与者的优先级中,为人父母非常重要。备选词中只有L)ranked“具有……等级(地位)”可与high搭配,构成ranked high,意为“非常重要”。备选的其他动词均没有此含义,因此排除。34.【考点】副词辨析题。B)【语法判断】分析句子结构可知,本句成分完整,空格前的will take note of these insights是“谓语+宾语”的结构,因此空格处应填人副词。【语义判断】空格所在句意为:最终,史密斯希望各类机构能注意到这些见解。上文提到了不同年龄阶段有各自的优先事项,也有共通的。由此可知,史密斯希望各机构能注意到对应不同人群的优先事项,因此本空应填入含有“对应地,相应地”意义的副词,由此确定答案为B)accordingly。备选的其他副词均没有此含义,因此排除。35.【考点】动词辨析题。A)【语法判断】分析句子结构可知,空格所在部分作目的状语,空格前的to为动词不定式的标志,better“更好地”是well的比较级,因此本空应填入动词原形。【语义判断】空格所在句意为:对于这些机构来说,无论是大学还是职场,为了更好地美国人,他们需要了解“美国公众高度重视的是什么”。本段第一句提到,高校倾向于把重点放在让学生为高薪工作做准备上,而高薪并非年轻人的优先考虑事项,所以各类机构要了解美国公众究竟优先考虑什么,从而更好地适应这些人的需求。因此本空应填入含有“适应,满足”意义的动词,由此确定答案为A)accommodate。备选的其他动词原形没有此含义,因此排除。参考译文美国公众对成功的看法可能完全被误导了。尽管有92%的人认为别人最在乎名利,但只有不到10%的人把这些品质考虑到自己的成功中。这是根据哈佛大学教育研究生院的教授托德·史密斯最新发布的研究得出的结论。史密斯说,过去关于成功的研究“假设人们会关心什么”,这让他感到困扰。在这项研究中,他的团队“反其道而行”,花了数年时间进行个人访谈和群体调查,就为了弄明白人们在谈论成功时真正谈论的是什么。作为一名科学家,史密斯确实以研究个性为生,甚至他惊讶地发现,年轻的受访者更关心生活要有目标。年龄介于18到34岁之间的人最优先考虑这个问题,但随着受访者年龄的增长,这种优先考虑的程度下降了。这可能是因为年长的人在刚开始职业生涯时选择较少,当时的价值观更关注稳定的收入,而不是完成个人使命。其他趋势还包括强调为人父母的重要性。在所有研究参与者的优先级中,为人父母非常重要。最终,史密斯希望各类机构能相应地注意到这些见解。高等教育机构倾向于把重点放在让学生为高薪工作做准备上。史密斯说,对于这些机构来说,无论是大学还是职场,为了更好地适应美国人,他们需要了解“美国公众高度重视的是什么”。Section B答案详解36.【定位】由题干中的Kelli Harding、distinguishes herself和literary talent定位到文章E)段第一句。E)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,如果凯莉脱颖而出,那是因为她也是一位天才作家。题干中的Kelli Harding对应定位句中的Kelli,题干中的distinguishes herself是对定位句中stands out的同义转述,题干中的literary talent对应定位句中的a gifted writer,故答案为E)。37.【定位】由题干中的Kelli Harding、doesn’t think、medical model和sufficient定位到文章K)段倒数第三、四句。K)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到,在“我”的行医实践中,“我”看到的病情最严重的人往往有着相似的背景:孤独、虐待、贫困或歧视。对他们来说,医疗模式是不够的。题干中的Kelli Harding对应定位句中的I,题干中的doesn’t think America’s medical model is sufficient对应定位句中的the medical model isn’t enough,故答案为K)。38.【定位】由题干中的differs from和quick and simple solutions定位到文章I)段第一句。D【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到,在关于奥巴马医改、医疗保险、医疗补助、健康保险和强取豪夺的医药公司的政治喧嚣中,凯莉·哈丁与呼吁快速解决问题、越简单越好的群体不同。题干中的differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions是对定位句中stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes,the simpler the better的同义转述,题干中的America’s medical problems是对定位句中the political noise about Obamacare,Medicare,Medicaid,health insurance and thieving pharmaceutical companies的归纳总结,故答案为I)。39.【定位】由题干中的Kelli Harding和summer course定位到文章B)段第一句。B)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,作者最近收到了一封来自凯莉·哈丁的信,她是21年前作者在华盛顿上和平研究暑期课的学生。题干中的a participant in a summer course the author taught是对定位句中a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course的同义转述,故答案为B)。40.【定位】由题干中的Kelli Harding、scientific育第8页advances、not made Americans healthier和nor prolonged their life定位到文章F)段第二、三句。F)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到,她(凯莉·哈丁)写道:“尽管我们取得了科学进步,但美国人的健康状况非常糟糕。2016年,美国的预期寿命在世界上排名第43位。”题干中的scientific advances对应定位句中的scientific progress,题干中的have not made Americans healthier是对定位句中Americans are remarkably unhealthy的同义转述,题干中的nor prolonged their life是对定位句中In 2016,the United States ranked forty-third in the world for life expectancy的归纳总结,故答案为F)。41.【定位】由题干中的deeply moved、Kelli Harding和her current life定位到文章D)段第一句。D)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到,凯莉的这封信是她个人生活和职业生涯的最新写照,触动了“我”的内心。题干中的The author was deeply moved对应定位句中的touched my heart,题干中的what Kelli Harding wrote about her current life是对定位句中a literate update on both her personal and professional life的概括归纳,故答案为D)。42.【定位】由题干中的George Engel、not only和but also定位到文章L)段第二句。L)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到,凯莉举例赞扬了她的医学院教授乔治·恩格尔,他不仅总是关注患者的身体状况,也会关注患者的生活小细节,比如她是否在病房里挂着家庭照片,是否收到别人送的鲜花。题干中的not only looks into their symptoms but also into things like the emotional support they receive是对定位句中noticed not just a patient’s physical condition but little details about her life,such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered的归纳总结,故答案为L)。43.【定位】由题干中的rabbits’health、kindness和diet or genetics定位到文章HD)段最后两句。H)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,决定兔子生病还是健康的不是饮食或基因,而是善良。题干中的rabbits’health had more to do with humans’kindness to them than their diet or genetics是对定位句It wasn’t diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy.It was kindness.的同义转述,故答案为H)。44.【定位】由题干中的Kelli Harding、went through、Washington和changed定位到文章C)段第三句。C)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,在华盛顿的经历,凯莉后来称之为“颠覆性的”,是她进入医学领域的动力,促使她获得了哥伦比亚大学公共卫生硕士学位和罗切斯特大学医学学位,并在纽约长老会医院担任了近20年的急诊室精神科医生和哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心的精神病学临床教授。题干中的What Kelli Harding went through in Washington对应定位句中的The Washington experience,题干中的changed her life是对定位句中transformative的同义转述,故答案为C)。45.【定位】由题干中的A social aspect to health、not been taken into account和the best medical care定位到文章J)段倒数第二句。J)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到,在寻找最佳和最前沿医疗保健的努力中,“我们”彻底忽视了影响健康的社会层面。题干中的A social aspect to health对应定位句中的a social dimension to health,题干中的has not been taken into account是对定位句中we’ve completely overlooked的同义转述,题干中的trying to provide the best medical care对应定位句中的our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge medical care,故答案为J)。参考译文一只兔子的研究和一个前学生是如何激发我对“爱和尊严”未来的希望的A)从幼儿园到医学院或法学院的最后一节课,无论教师教哪个年级,当昔日的学生在多年甚至几十年后重新出现,讲述他们的人生近况,以及他们四处奔波时是多么坚韧的时候,很少有什么时刻能像这样令他们激动不已。B)(39)最近一封来自凯莉·哈丁的信就是这样,她是21年前我在华盛顿上和平研究暑期课的学生。每周一次免费上课,宽敞的教室是由拉尔夫·纳德和他的非营利组织“公民”提供的,上课以讨论为基础,不需要无用的作业或考试。只要参与进来,想办法增加和平,减少暴力。今天就做,明天就太晚了。该课程吸引的主要是国会实习生,只有少数例外,比如凯莉,她是美国服务队在华盛顿的志愿者。C)她为期一年的服务包括在一家免费医疗诊所安抚艾滋病患者,为被困在家中的人送餐。这与她在加州大学伯克利分校主修政治学的本科时代截然不同。(44)在华盛顿的经历,凯莉后来称之为“颠覆性的”,是她进入医学领域的动力,促使她获得了哥伦比亚大学公共卫生硕士学位和罗切斯特大学医学学位,并在纽约长老会医院担任了近20年的急诊室精神科医生和哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心的精神病。
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