托福写作：段落技巧.docx

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托福写作：段落技巧托福写作：段落技巧开头段开头段主要用以下几种方法来组织，即背景法(Background)，争议法(Controversy)，提问法(Question)，故事法(Story)和引言法(Quotation)。以背景法为例。背景法一般会提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象作为背景或者是由远到近，由大到小地谈论紧扣论题的社会观点作为背景。背景法开头段的结构通常如下：背景(1-3句)+论题+反方观点+(反方理由)+过度+(正方观点)+作者的观点+作者的理由。以2007年8月11日的独立写作试题为例：Technology makes peoples lives more complicated.题目涉及到了现今社会比较热门的话题---科技。这样，我们就可以以这种社会比较关注的现象作为我们作文的开头背景。因此这个题目的首段就可以这样开始：Technology has had tremendous impacts on every aspect of modern life.However,people are having conflicting opinions about whether it has made peoples lives more complicated or not.I believe technology has by and large made our lives more convenient。第一句话就是一句紧贴社会的背景，这样写不但很容易打开考生自己的思路，抓住作文的焦点，还能引起考官的共鸣。中间段落中间段落的文章结构通常如下：Transitional words+topic sentence+development。如果考生在平时能熟练运用这样的一个结构来展开作文，那么考场上就会凭借这份思维定势来帮助自己抓住每一分。中间三个段落都可以套用这种模式。Transitional words主要有以下三种，即表顺序：firstly,secondly,finally(last but not least);表并列：besides,in addition;表对比：in contrast,in comparison。这些衔接词会让文章看起来脉络清晰，组织严密，也就做到了评分标准中的“well-organized”一条。主题句，顾名思义，向考官展示的是考生作文的主要意旨所以它在中间段落中的作用是至关重要的。通常主题句应该注意一下几点：1.主题句必须是陈述句。有的考生想在写作中创新，于是采用反问句或者其他看似多样化的题目，然而这种多样性带来的后果是给考官观点不明确的印象，很自然地会影响到分数。2.必须表明观点。如果考生把一句无关痛痒的话放在主题句的位置上，很显然无法表明自身观点。比如像“今天是晴天”这样的话没有表明观点;然而“今天是个好天气”就包含一种感情色彩在里面，给人一种立场明确的感觉。考生应该切记：没有反驳余地的就不可以作为主题句。3.态度必须坚决。但是不能极端。4.每段必须有主题句，理论上讲没有主题句是可以的，但是考场上不可以，没有主题就会浪费考官的时间去帮你总结主题，然而繁忙的考官是不会那么善良地去分析你的题目来抓取你的观点的。至于中间段落的展开(development)则需要大家学习积累一些常用的段落展开方法，比如举例法、比较法、因果法等。结尾文章结尾段落虽然并不像开头和中间段落那样重要，然而没有结尾的文章是不完整的，不符合基本写作要求。所以考生在考场上一定要在结尾处再次声明自己观点(restatement)，或者提出新的希望，或者提出解决问题的方案，从而让考官有一种善始善终的良好印象。如果考生能做到以上几点，那么我们的作文构思就是比较成功了。托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：男女学生要分开上学吗?托福写作难点话题一览Should boys and girls attend separate schools?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Boys and girls should attend separate schools.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.写作思路展开结构分析这道题目可能大家初看到会很难想到展开的点。按照现在的观点来看重视男女平等可能选择不支持分校会比较好写，理由也是现成的，就是男女应该平等不能区别对待，当然大家也可以从反对早恋这样比较传统的观点来支持分校来展开，只要给出的理由能够站得住脚就行。本话题高分范文赏析In my country,China,many people in a sense live in a ridiculous culture where young boys and girls should never say love to each other.Moreover,it is absolutely a shame that such affairs happen in campus.To avoid alleged shame or danger of it,some people assert that boys and girls should attend separate schools.The point is,is there anything wrong when a little boy says I love you to a little girl?Gone are the days when love was a forbidden word in our culture,it has now,nevertheless,actually quite different connotations from that of the word in western society.It can be seen that people in Hollywood movies often say I love you to almost everyone naturally,readily and easily,including friends,family members,partners in work,even an unknown taxi driver!But in China,not surprisingly,many people have never said I love you to their parents,even seldom to their mates or children.Love,in Chinese word,does in fact carry subtle connotations related to immoral affairs.It seems not a problem of is there anything wrong,but one of there must be something wrong if a teenager dares to say anything about love!Even if there must be something wrong when a teenager falls into love,is it something so appalling even evil that adults have to take action to prevent or even fight?Did we ever discover any prudent evidence which clearly prove it is really something bad?Hardly.It is in fact quite natural that a little boy admire a beautiful girl or a little girl feels a smart boy appealing.And such emotions do not harm anything.Alleged puppy love simply is a nonsense concept invented by ignorance.Girls and boys actually do not even know what love is!Perhaps they merely imitate behaviors of adults around them.What we adults should do is not to make them believe love is evil,but to teach them what true love really means.Regrettably,those adults never realize that they actually fail to assume their responsibility,but presumptuously believe they are capable of eliminating Jove among boys and girls by separating them into different school.It will never work.Separate school once was one of evil signs of discrimination of women,but today reemerges to prevent love affairs among teenagers—a high school in Beijing recently announced that it has already separated girls from boys into different classes.I can hardly imagine any benefit that such a scheme could produce except for further distortions of teenagers natures.托福写作：生活习惯的考试题目To be successful on study or work,what do you think is more important,have the ability to adapt to new conditions or continue to study?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:grandparents’experiences have no use to children because fifty years have passed by and the world has changed.Should people always have no reason to be impolite to others?Should people strive to gain prestige rather than money?Do people living in suburban areas take care of family members more carefully than people living in big cities?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:it is not better for people to remove to a new city or country because they would lose former friends.When people are in face of disputed topics,should people use emails and short messages or directing way of talking to communicate with others?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:the most influential problems to the society can be solved by the contemporary generation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:people should make quick decision rather than wait for the opportunities patiently.The personal and work-related challenges that young people face today are not any different from the challenges their parents and grandparents faced when they were young.Some people believe that people should follow their ambitious dreams and goals even they are not realistic;others believe that people should focus on achieving realistic goals.What’s your opinion and why?Use specific reasons to support your answer.Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?Since most people can solve their problems by themselves or with the help from their families,the help from government is often not necessary.Use specific reasons to support your answer.The way a person is dressed in is a good indication of his/her character or personality.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to know about what is happening around the world,even if it does not affect your personal lives.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.