托福综合写作高效备考攻略.docx

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托福综合写作高效备考攻略了解托福综合写作考试要求我们先简单摘要综合作文题的题目要求中的若干重点信息。Read a passage about an academic topic and listen to a lecture about the same topic写作考试前，考生需要阅读一篇250单词左右的文章和听一篇相同题材、类似长度的听力材料;A question about the relation between the lecture and the reading passage考生需要书写一篇文章以说明该阅读材料和听力材料之间的关系;Use information from the reading passage and the lecture but no personal opinion考生在写作过程中应合理的使用听力和阅读材料中的信息并不得加入个人___和观点;Be judged on the quality of your writing and on the pleteness and auracy of the content考生文章的优劣评判将基于其行文的质量和文章内容的完整和准确性。从上述的题目要求中我们不难看出，综合类作文的考察要点在于总结归纳summarize和改写rewrite两个方面。所谓总结归纳的能力也就是说考察方希望考生能够在规定的时间内掌握一定长度和一定难度的阅读和听力材料中所涉及到的重点信息和论证结构;而所谓的改写能力则要求考生将两部分材料中的重点信息和论证方式用新的语言和结构系统进行展示和归纳。因此，要想将综合类作文完整并准确的完成，考生需要提高的也即使这两个方面的能力。提升归纳总结能力是提升综合写作的关键对于题目中给出的阅读和听力材料，特别是听力材料，考生需要在很短的时间内把握其重点信息和论证方法，这是综合写作的第一个难点。但由于涉及的题材都是一些学术的文章和报道，所以在归纳方面还是有一定的规律可循，考生如能掌握以下重点并多加练习，必能攻破这一难关。首先，阅读的部分往往一些学术类的文章，因此其内容和结构往往都有很好的逻辑性和完整性，往往文章的首句会提出文章的谈论背景和对象，并紧跟其后提出文章的主题，而接下来的文字则会围绕这个主题展开一些细节性的话题。同时，文章的最后一段也会有重点的观点和信息，也是考生重点要把握的部分。而在段落中间，一般情况下，学术类文章采取归纳式(先进行论证或举例子后总结观点)和讨论式(以主题句开头后面进行论证)的模式，同时考生应该要多注意表示转折、因果关系和总结性的连接词，把握了这些内容，对于考生掌握阅读材料的重点信息和结构有很大的帮助。其次对于听力材料，这是综合类写作过程中的难点，但考生在已经理解了阅读材料的基础上，对于听力材料的主题就已经有了一定的把握，因此考生需要将听力的重点放在判断听力文章的观点和阅读文章的观点的比较上，是互相支持还是互相对立，支持或对立的观点分别用哪些论证手段和实例来证明。但是，由于听力材料不会再次出现，因此考生一定要在听力过程中过好笔记，记住关键性的句子和词语，为此朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生平时多做相关听力资料的听取和笔记练习。注意把握文章整体的结构在总结了听力和阅读材料的重点信息之后，如何能够将其相关性清晰并准确的表达出来，则是综合类作文写作成功的第二步，这里就涉及到如何能够使用具有较强逻辑性和完整的文章结构。对此，朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生可以自己制定相关的写作思维模板，将文章如何分段及每一段具体表达哪些信息固定下来，并反复练习，这样既可以保证文章的质量，又可以在实际的考试过程中节约构思和思考的时间。而在构建写作思维模板的时候，考生可以从以下几个方面去考虑：第一段需要将听力和阅读材料的核心内容展示出来并点明两者观点是否相互支持抑或者相互对立;第二段也即是主体段落可以分为几个小段，分别从各个不同的角度总结并得出两篇文字材料相互支持或者对立的证据;最后一段结尾段可总结一下主要的论证对象并重申两份材料对于该论证对象的主要看法，在这一段构思过程中一定要注意，切忌加入自己对这一问题的看法和观点。对于一些固定的表达，如“听力材料就某某问题主要从某个角度展开了论证”、“首先，对于阅读材料中提出的某某观点，在听力材料中用反例的方法提出了质疑”、“最后，对于阅读材料中的某一观点，听力材料通过几个方面的细化进行了支持性的论证”等等在写作过程中必用的表达，考生应该事先就做好准备，而不应该在考试时才去匆忙思考。提高自己的英文改写能力谈到综合类写作过程中的改写问题，主要有两个方面，单词的同义词改写和句子的语法结构以及同义表达改写。单词的改写包括同义词改写、词性改写，而句子的改写包括关系词、连接词的改写、词序的改写和分词的使用等等。对于这个部分的练习，需要考生在平时阅读英文文章的时候，多进行相关的总结和练习。而朗阁海外考试研究中心向考生推荐平时在做阅读和听力练习的时候，就可以关注材料和题目的相对信息，往往就是十分地道的改写方式，非常值得参考和借鉴。Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends in your same age.试题分析：是否新题：否重复情况：北美xx-3-24考题题材：社会类观点：同意4月9日托福独立写作思路：1.家长会给我们提一些建议，他们教我们如何选择朋友，发现我们潜在的能力;2.老师会给我们提一些建议，帮助我们解决学习上的问题，指导我们进行职业规划;3.导师会给我们提一些建议，帮助我们培养工作技能，管理人际关系。4月9日托福独立写作题目：Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends your same age.Do you agree or disagree?从年长的朋友处得到的建议比从同龄的朋友处得到的建议更加有价值?(xx年4月9日)点睛：题目大意：从年长的人获得建议要比从同龄人获得建议更有价值。此题目重复xx年11月8日B卷原题，解题思路和老年人的建议有没有价值是一样的。波波建议选择同意，对advice进行拆分，拆分成工作和教育两个角度，分别证明年长人___的价值。范文参考一:【首段】背景介绍+争议焦点+作家立场A close friend is what every individual longs after.After all,a day without friendship is like a day without sunshine.A true friend should be one from who we can resort to for help or get valuable suggestions when we are in time of adversity.People differ greatly in their views as to whether or not guidance and advice from older friends is superior to the counterparts from peers.As I see it,advice from elderly friends deserves more praises,although suggestions from our peers are never without their merits.【二段】年长的朋友的建议的利好For a start，rich life experience could be seen as a sort of precious wealth,including those bitter or frustrating experiences.Every individual grows up via experiencing failure or dilemma,one might，at times，feel puzzled，thereby，he or she needs advice and guidance from friends.Under such circumstances,older friends could be our best teachers because they have aumulated a pool of life wisdom,thus,their advice could be precious life guidance.A survey is persuasive enough to justify my stand,the survey conducted by Vista,after consulting many people have found that most respondents claimed that pared with municating with peers,they prefer to get advice from elderly friends,for their suggestions could help to diminish the likelihood of failure and avoid detours【三段】年长的朋友的建议的利好This debate reminds me of my Uncle Paul,who is a suessful business leader.My uncle had studied in New Zealand for more than five years,so,he strongly remended me to study abroad when facing with the option of studying at home or furthering my study in a foreign country.His suggestion was that a young man could bee mature,tenacious and confident by personal struggle in an unfamiliar environment.After listening to my uncle’s advice,I studied even harder during the process of self-improvement,I happily found that I can be more attentive and have more self-discipline.More importantly,I had a clear goal to fight for.It was the suggestion form my uncle that helps me to hardened my heart to study overseas.I had deliberately chosen to lead the life I desire,for the life wisdom learning from my uncle could be considered as a shortcut to suess.【四段】年轻朋友的建议也有利好Indeed,I have to concede that suggestions from peers might still their merits to some extent.An argument hold by some people is that people of the similar age have a lot in mon such as growth environment or educational background,in this sense,their munication could be more convincing.Furthermore,some people might argue that the experiences of past bear little relevance to today’s life.What I want to rebut，however，is that youngster’s understanding about life is far from mature pared with those from older friends,after all,older friends are more far-sighted and wise.【尾段】再次亮明观点In closing,I re-affirm my conviction that guidance and suggestions from mature friends expert a far more profound and beneficial effect on one’s action.写作参考二:Since any individual,whether young or old,will encounter various problems and troubles throughout the whole life,it is certainly necessary to consult others for suggestions and solutions.Nowadays many young people hold that advice from their peers is usually more valuable than that from people of older age,because people at the same age are more likely to understand their situation.However,as far as I am concerned,it is a wise move to listen to the older people’s suggestions,because rich experience and profound knowledge aumulated by older people will offer us a proper guidance in many ways,especially in the aspects of receiving education and hunting for a job.First of all,consider the educational issue.Obviously,students are constantly faced with various uping problems and puzzles in the course of furthering their study.As for high school students,the would-be undergraduates,how to suessful apply for an ideal university and choose a promosing major usually matters a lot.In order to unravel the above puzzels,they had better consult those people of older age who will give advices such as passing TOEFL with top score and participating various extracurricular activities.In fact,the above experience is exclusive to those who have undergone the whole process of applying for university.Also,as newers entering college or universities,the freshmen are usually confronted with various troubles while embarking on the brandnew campus life.To be specific,some students from disadvantaged families may be concerned about how to gain scholarship from school.The sophermores and junior students are likely to provide practical instructions instead of their classmates.Furthermore,the same logic can apply to job-hunting.After leaving schools,graduates will enter the highly petitive job market.Due to the lack of knowledge of the real working environment,they are in great need of instructions and suggestions from senior employees.To be specific,senior employees can hold a interview training,in which students will be informed of how to dress up,how to write a resume and how to respond to the questions from interviewers.Also,the skills of municating efficiently with the employers and the ability to get along well with co-workers will be imparted to potential employees.On the contrary,people at the same age with us are also still feel confused about how to seek an ideal job,thus reducing the value of the suggestion given by them.Admittedly,the generation gap between us and people of older age may poses an obstruction to munication between them.However,the above claim is far from the truth.With the improvement of educational background on the part of the elder,they are able to guide yongsters in a more aeptable way and thus the gap between the younger and the older can be well bridged.In conclusion,the advice from the elder is of greater value than that from the peers,especially when we meet problems in education and career.写作参考三:Whenever people have some difficult problems that seem to be insurmountable,tend to seek advice or suggestions from others around them.In my opinion,advice is better obtained from people who are older than you,such as parents,teachers and supervisors.To start with,many people have the experience that a loving parent gives them much needed advice.For example,when children still young and immature,parents can help them choose suitable friends because they are better able to judge people’s personalities.Also as the first teachers who observe you on a daily basis,parents can easily discover children’s potential talents and give them appropriate advice for improvement.Similarly,an effective teacher is a good source of advice for his or her students.With the increasing workload for students in modern education,it is natural that most of them have a number of academic problems,and no one is better than a qualified and dedicated teacher to help them solve them.More importantly,when students are confused about choosing jobs upon graduation,teachers can give proper guidance for their future career development.Finally,for ordinary workers,a good supervisor can be relied on for advice.In most situations,a supervisor is older or much older than their subordinates and,therefore,has gathered more experience both in work and life.As a matter of fact,their suggestions can often help you develop your work skills.And as a senior leader,they can teach you how to manage interpersonal relationships.In conclusion,older people’s advice,whether they you are your parents,teachers or supervisors,is more valuable because they are more knowledgeable,experienced and mature.