2023年大学英语四级真题及解析完整版.docx
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2023年6月大学英语四级真题及解析完整版SectionADirections:In thissection,thereisapassagewithten blanks.You arerequiredtoselect onewordforeach blankfromalist of choices givenin a wordbankfollowing the passage.Readthepassage through carefully beforemakingyour choices.Eachchoicein thebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Please mark the correspondingletterfor eachitemon AnswerSheet2 witha singleline throughthecentre.You may notuse anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35 arebasedonthe passageyou have justheard.Physical activitydoesthebody good,and there’s growing evidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.Researchers in the Netherlandsreportthatchildrenwhoget moreexercise,whether atschool oron theirown,26to havehigher GPAs and betterscores on standardizedtests.Ina27 of14 studiesthatlooked at physicalactivity and academic28,investigatorsfoundthat the morechildrenmoved,thebetter their gradeswerein school,29 inthe basicsubjectsof math,English and reading.The datawillcertainlyfuel the ongoingdebateoverwhether physicaleducationclasses should be cut as schools struggle to30 onsmallerbudgets.The arguments against physical educationhaveincludedconcernsthatgym timemaybetaking awayfromstudy time.With standardizedtestscoresin theU.S.31inrecentyears,someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedto spendmore time in the classroom instead of ontheplayground.Butasthese findingsshow,exercise andacademics may notbe 32exclusive.Physical activitycanimprove blood33 to thebrain,fuelingmemory,attention andcreativity,whichare 34to learning.Andexercise releaseshormones that canimprove35andrelievestress,which canalso help learning.So while itmay seemas ifkids are justexercising theirbodies when they’rerunningaround,theymayactually beexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)attendance B)consequently C)currentD)depressing E)droppingF)essential G)feasible H)flow I)moodJ)mutually K)particularly L)performance M)reviewN)survive O)tend Section B Directions:In thissection,youaregoingto reada passage with tenstatementsattached toit.Eachstatementcontains information givenin oneof the paragraphs.Identifytheparagraph from which theinformation isderived.Youmaychoose a paragraph more than once.Eachparagraph ismarked with aletter.Answer thequestionsbymarking thecorresponding letteronAnswer Sheet 2.Findingthe RightHome—andContentment,Too[A]Whenyourelderly relativeneedsto enter somesort oflong-termcarefacility—amoment few parentsorchildren approach without fear—whatyou would likeis to haveeverythingmade clear.[B]Doesassistedliving really mark a great improvement over a nursinghome,orhastheindustry simplyhired better interiordesigners?Are nursinghomesas bad aspeoplefear,or isthatan out-modedstereotype(固定见解)?Can doingone’shomework really steer families to thebestplaces?It is genuinelyhardto know.[C]Iam about tomake thingsmorecomplicated bysuggestingthat what kindof facilityan olderperson livesin may matterlessthan we have assumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthe searchare not necessarily the thingsthat makeadifference tothe people whoaregoingtomove in.I am nottalking aboutthequality ofcare,letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesin a gloomyenvironmentwith irresponsiblestaff anda poor safetyrecord.But anaccumulatingbody of researchindicates that some distinctionsbetweenone typeofelder careandanother have littlereal bearingonhow wellresidents do.[D]Themost recent of thesestudies,publishedinThe journal ofApplied Gerontology,surveyed150 Connecticutresidents of assistedliving,nursinghomesandsmaller residentialcarehomes(known insome statesas boardandcare homes oradult carehomes).Researchers from theUniversityof ConnecticutHealthCenter asked theresidentsa large number ofquestionsabouttheirqualityof life,emotionalwell-being andsocialinteraction,as well asabout the qualityofthe facilities.[E]“We thoughtwewouldseedifferences basedon thehousing types,”saidtheleadauthor ofthestudy,Julie Robison,anassociate professorof medicineat theuniversity.Areasonableassumption—don’tfamiliesstruggle to avoidnursinghomes and sufferrealguiltifthey can’t?[F]In the initialresults,assistedlivingresidents did paint themost positive picture.Theywere lesslikelyto reportsymptomsofdepression thanthose in the other facilities,forinstance,and less likely to be boredorlonely.They scored higheron socialinteraction.[G]But when theresearchers pluggedin anumberofothervariables,such differences disappeared.It isnotthehousing type,they found,that createsdifferencesin residents’responses.“Itis the characteristics ofthe specific environment theyarein,combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—how healthy they feelthey are,their ageand maritalstatus,”Dr.Robison explained.Whether residentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveand howlong theyhadlivedthere also proved significant.[H]An elderly person who describesherselfas inpoorhealth,therefore,mightbenolessdepressedinassisted living(even ifher childrenpreferredit)than in a nursinghome.A personwhobad input intowhere he wouldmoveand hashad time to adapttoitmightdoaswellina nursinghome asina smallresidential carehome,other factorsbeing equal.Itisaninteractionbetween thepersonandtheplace,notthe sort of placeinitself,that leadsto better orworseexperiences.“Youcan’t just say,‘Let’s putthispersonin a residential carehome instead of a nursinghome—she willbemuch better off,”Dr.Robison said.Whatmatters,sheadded,“isa combinationof what peoplebringin withthem,and whattheyfindthere.”[I]Suchfindings,whichrun counterto commonsense,have surfaced before.Ina multi-statestudy of assistedliving,for instance,University of NorthCarolinaresearchersfound thata hostofvariables—thefacility’s type,size orage;whethera chainownedit;howattractive theneighborhood was—had nosignificantrelationshiptohow theresidentsfared in terms of illness,mental decline,hospitalizations ormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents’physicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeople werelike whenthey camein hadgreaterconsequence thanwhat happenedone they werethere.[J]AsIwas consideringallthis,a press releasefromarespectedresearch firm crossed my desk,announcingthatthe five-starratingsystemthat Medicaredevelopedin 2023 tohelp familiescompare nursing home qualityalsohas littlerelationship to how satisfiedits residentsor theirfamilymembersare.As a matter of fact,consumers expressedhigher satisfactionwith the one-star facilities,the lowestrated,thanwiththe five-starones.(More onthisstudy andthestar ratingswill appearinasubsequentpost.)[K]Before wecollectivelytear our hairout—how are wesupposed tofind ourwayin a landscapethisconfusing?—hereisathought from Dr.PhilipSloane,a geriatrician(老年病学专家)attheUniversity of North Carolina:“In away,thatcould be liberatingfor families.”[L]Of course,sonsand daughters wanttovisitthefacilities,talktothe administratorsandresidents andother families,anddo everythingpossible tofulfilltheirduties.But perhapstheydon’t have toturnthemselvesinto privateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.“Families can looka bit moreforwheretheresidentsare goingto be happy,”Dr.Sloanesaid.And involving the futureresidentin theprocesscanbe veryimportant.[M]We allhave ourownideasabout whatwouldbring ourparentshappiness.They have theirideas,too.Afriend recently took hermotherto visitanexpensive assisted living/nursinghome nearmy town.I have seenthisplace—itis elegant,insideand out.But nobodygreetedthe daughter andmotherwhentheyarrived,thoughthevisithadbeenplanned;nobody introduced themtothe other residents.Whenthey hadlunchinthe dining room,theysatalone at atable.[N]The daughterfearedhermotherwould beignoredthere,and so shedecidedtomoveherinto amorewelcomingfacility.Basedon whatisemergingfrom someof thisresearch,thatmighthave beenasrationalawayasany toreach a decision.36.Many peoplefeelguilty when theycannot findaplaceother than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helpsfor children to investigate carefacilities,involving their parents inthedecision-makingprocess mayprove very important.38.It isreallydifficultto tell ifassistedlivingis betterthan anursinghome.39.Howaresident feels depends onaninteractionbetween themselves andthe care facilitythey live in.40.Theauthorthinks herfriendmadearationaldecision inchoosing amorehospitableplaceover an apparently elegantassistedlivinghome.41.Thesystem Medicare developedtoratenursing homequalityisof little help tofindinga satisfactory place.42.At firstthe researchersofthe most recentstudy found residentsinassisted living facilities gave higher scoresonsocial interaction.43.What kindof carefacilityoldpeoplelivein maybe less important thanwe think.44.The findingsof thelatestresearchweresimilarto anearlier multi-statestudyof assistedliving.45.A resident’ssatisfactionwith acare facility hasmuchtodowithwhetherthey hadparticipated in the decision to moveinandhowlong theyhadstayed there.SectionCDirections:There are2passages inthissection.Each passage isfollowedby some questions orunfinishedstatements.For eachofthemthere are fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and D).Youshoulddecideonthe bestchoiceand markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2with a single line throughthecentre.PassageoneQuestions46 to 50arebasedonthe followingpassage.AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticated,there aregrowing concernsthat robots could becomeathreat.This dangercanbeavoided,according tocomputerscienceprofessor Stuart Russell,ifwefigureout howtoturnhumanvalues into a programmable code.Russellarguesthat as robotstakeonmore complicated tasks,it’s necessary to translate our morals into AIlanguage.For example,if a robot doeschoresaround thehouse,youwouldn’twant ittoputthepetcat in the ovento makedinnerforthe hungrychildren.“You wouldwant thatrobot preloadedwitha goodset of values,”said Russell.Some robotsare alreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshave been programmedto keep a comfortable distancefrom humans.Obviouslythere areculturaldifferences,butifyou weretalkingto another person andtheycameup closeinyourpersonal space,you wouldn’tthinkthat’s thekind of thingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.It will be possibletocreate more sophisticated moralmachines,if onlywe can findaway to setout human values asclearrules.Robotscould also learnvaluesfrom drawingpatternsfrom largesetsof dataon humanbehavior.Theyare dangerousonly ifprogrammersarecareless.The biggestconcernwith robots going againsthumanvalues is thathuman beingsfail to sosufficienttestingand they’ve produced a systemthat will breaksomekindoftaboo(禁忌).One simplecheck would beto programarobot to checkthecorrect course ofaction with ahuman whenpresented withan unusual situation.Ifthe robot isunsure whether an animal issuitable for themicrowave,it has theopportunity to stop,sendout beeps(嘟嘟声),andaskfordirectionsfroma human.If we humans aren’tquite sureaboutadecision,we go and asksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstep inprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactly what webelieve in moral,andhow tocreatea set of ethicalrules.But if we come upwithan answer,robotscouldbe goodfor humanity.46.What does theauthor say aboutthethreatofrobots?A)Itmayconstitute a challenge tocomputerprogranmers.B)It accompaniesallmachinery involvinghightechnology.C)Itcanbeavoidedif humanvalues are translatedintotheir language.D)It hasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnology getsmoresophisticated.47.Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwho invadesour personal space accordingtotheauthor?A)Theyare aggressive.B)They are outgoing.C)They areignorant.D)They areill-bred.48.How dorobotslearnhumanvalues?A)By interactingwithhumans ineverydaylifesituations.B)Byfollowingthedailyroutines ofcivilizedhuman beings.C)By picking uppatterns frommassivedata onhuman behavior.D)By imitatingthe behaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings.49.Whatwill a well-programmed robotdowhen facingan unusual situation?A)keepadistance from possibledangers.B)Stoptoseekadvice fromahuman being.C)Triggerits built-inalarm system atonce.D)Dosufficienttesting beforetakingaction.50.Whatis mostdifficultto dowhen weturnhumanvalues intoa programmablecode?A)Determinewhatismoral andethical.B)Design somelarge-scale experiments.C)Setrules for man-machineinteraction.D)Developa moresophisticatedprogram.PassageTwo Questions 51to55are basedon thefollowingpassage.Whydo somepeoplelivetobe older thanothers?You know thestandard explanations:keepingamoderate diet,engaging in regularexercise,etc.But whateffectdoes your personality haveon yourlongevity(长寿)?Do some kindsofpersonalitieslead to longer lives?A new studyin theJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSociety lookedatthisquestionby examiningthepersonality characteristicsof 246childrenofpeoplewhohadlived tobeatleast 100.Thestudyshows thatthose livingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveand less neurotic(神经质的)thanotherpeople.Long-living women arealsomorelikely tobesympathetic andcooperativethanwomen withanormallifespan.Thesefindingsare inagreement withwhatyou wouldexpect fromtheevolutionary theory:those wholike tomakefriendsand helpothers cangatherenoughresourcesto makeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,however,other characteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageous hadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikely tolivelonger.Thosewhowere moreself-disciplined,for instance,werenomorelikelyto live tobe very old.Also,being opento newideashad norelationshipto longlife,whichmight explainallthose bad-temperedoldpeoplewho arefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucan successfullychangeyour personalityasan adultisthe subjectofa longstandingpsychologicaldebate.But thenew papersuggeststhat if youwantlong life,youshouldstriveto beas outgoingas possible.Unfortunately,another recentstudy shows thatyourmother’spersonality mayalsohelp determineyour longevity.Thatstudy lookedat nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothersandfoundthatthose momswhowere more anxious,depressed andangrywere morelikely tofeed theirkidsunhealthydiets.Patterns of childhood eating can be hardto break when we’re adults,whichmaymeanthat kidsofdepressed momsendupdyingyounger.Personality isn’t destiny(命运),andeveryone knows thatindividualscan learn tochange.Butbothstudies showthat longlifeisn’tjustamatter ofyourphysicalhealthbutofyour mentalhealth.51.The aim ofthestudyin the Journal of the American GeriatricsSocietyis____.A)to see whetherpeople’s personalityaffectstheir life spanB)tofind outif one’slifestyle hasany effecton their health C)toinvestigate the roleofexercise inlivingalong lifeD)toexamine all the factors contributing tolongevity 52.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoing and sympathetic people?A)They havea goodunderstandingof evolution.B)Theyarebetteratnegotiatingan agreement.C)Theygenerallyappearmore resourceful.D)Theyare morelikelytoget overhardship.53.What finding ofthe studymightprove somewhatout of our expectation?A)Easy-goingpeople can alsolivearelativelylonglife.B)Personality characteristicsthat prove advantageousactuallyvary withtimes.C)Suchpersonalitycharacteristics as self-disciplinehave noeffecton longevity.D)Readinesstoacceptnewideas helpsone enjoylongevity.54.What doesthe recentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow?A)Children’spersonalitycharacteristicsareinvariablydetermined bytheirmothers.B)People withunhealthyeatinghabitsare likelytodiesooner.C)Mothers’influenceon childrenmaylast longerthan fathers’.D)Mothers’negative personalitycharacteristicsmayaffect theirchildren’s lifespans.55.Whatcanwelearnfrom the findings ofthetwonewstudies?A)Anxietyand depressionmore often thannot cutshortone’slifespan.B)Longevityresultsfrom a combination ofmentalandphysicalhealth.C)Personality playsadecisiveroleinhow healthyoneis.D)Healthisin large partrelatedtoone’slifestyle.Part IVTranslation(30 minutes)Directions:Forthispart,you areallowed30minutestotranslate a passage fromChineseinto English.Youshouldwriteyour answeron theANSWER SHEET2.功夫(KongFu)是中国武术(martialarts)的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要,狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种,年轻人和老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。作为中国的国宝,武术有上百种不同的风格,是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作,尚有一些则受到了中国哲学思想,神话和传说的启发。
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