如何读懂商务合同文件.doc

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如何读懂商务合同文件随着我国参加世贸组织,对文件翻译的研究,比方规、合同文件的翻译研究,将成为我们翻译工作者的一个重要课题。本文在总结以往的根底上,探讨了合同翻译,分析了法律文件中语言特点,提出了合同等法律文件翻译的技巧之一,即:合同翻译的第一步——读懂合同文件。英语中某些副词如“here”及“where”在法律文件中往往当作前缀，与另一个词构成法律词汇中的专门用语。在法律文件中用这些词，可以防止重复，防止误解，防止歧义，使行文准确、简洁。以这种方法构成的词主要有：hereafter,hereby,herein,hereof,hereto hereunder,hereupon,herewith,hereinbefore,hereinafter;thereafter,thereby,therein,thereinafter,thereinbefore,thereon,thereof,thereunder,thereupon,therewith;whereas,whereby,wherein,whereof,whereon,etc。1.Hereby:by means of;by reason of this之意，即特此，因此，兹等意。常用于法律文件、合同协议的正式文件的开头语，在条款中需要强调时也可用。举原文说明，如：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and pletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may bee payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.★hereby意为by reason of this，特此的意思。★Covenants是动词，意为make a formal agreement立约，签订合同。★pletion of the Works是工程的竣工，Works与Work在工程文件中常指工程而不是工作之意。★therein意为in the Works在本工程中。★the Contract Price指合同总价，指工程的总造价。★such…as是关系代词，相当于that,which，把要限定的词置于such与as之间使要限定的名词十清楚确，防止合同双方在理解上发生争议。★under意为in aordance with根据，按照之意，决不能译成“在…….之下”。★the provisions of the Contract:terms and conditions of the contract合同条件、条款之意。在对文中专业性词汇作了解释之后，就不难理解这一段的含义了，也就是读懂了。于是可以把原文译为：业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内，按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同总价，或合同规定的其它应支付的款项，作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。2.Hereto:to this，上文已提及的，比方表示“本合同双方”可以说“the Parties hereto”,这里的hereto表示“to this Contract”“本协议附件4”可以译为“Appendix 4 hereto”，这里的hereto表示“to this Agreement”。读下面的原文，可以进一步理解hereto在文中的作用。All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall,through amicable negotiations,be settled by the Parties hereto.Should,through negotiation,no settlement be reached,the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission,Beijing and the arbitration rules of this mission shall be applied.The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto.The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.★两次出现的hereto,都是限定Parties,表示the Parties to this Contract本合同的双方。★“the performance of this Contract”履行本合同。★“through amicable negotiations”通过友好协商。★should表示如果发生什么情况，代替省掉的if。★“shall then be submitted for arbitration”应提交进行仲裁。★“the Chinese International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission,Beijing”贸易仲裁委员会(北京)。★“the arbitration rules of this Commission”仲裁规那么。★“the award of the arbitration:仲裁裁决。★“unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission”仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。这样，扫除了上述专业词汇的障碍，可把原文译为：对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，那么应将争议提交中国贸易仲裁委员会(北京)，依据仲裁规那么仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用应由败诉方承当，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。看下面两段文字，可以加深领会herein及其它几个专门用语。Unfair petition mentioned in this law refers to such acts of business operators as contravene the provisions hereof,with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators,and disturbing the socio-economic order.Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons,other economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services(hereinafter called Goods including services).注：上文中出现了3个法律文件中的专门用语：hereof:of this关于此点。在本文件中之意，表示在上文已提及的。出现本合同的…..，“本文件的……”时，使用该词。如“本合同条件，条款……”可译为“the terms,conditions and provisions hereof…..”此中的hereof表示“of this Contract”;又如“本工程的任何局部”可译为“any parts hereof”,此中的hereof意为“of this Works”.★“hereof意为the provisions of this law。★herein,在文中的意思是(Business operators mentioned)in this law。★hereinafter：later in the same Contract，以下;在下文，一般与to be referred to as;referred to as;called等词或词组连用，以防止重复。★unfair petition不正当竞争。★mentioned in this law:本法所称。★contravene the provisions hereof:违反本法规定。★damage the lawful rights and interests of other business operators:损害其他经营者的合法权益。模板,内容仅供参考。