高考英语辅导材料4介词、连词解析【考点直击】1.常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义;2.常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。3.并列连词and,but,or,so等的主要用法；4.常用的从属连词的基本用法【名师点睛】1.介词的功能练习I：1.The boy over there is John’s brother.()2.The girl will be back in two hours.()3.Our English teacher is from Australia.()4.Help yourself to some fish.()小结：介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作，，和。2.常用介词的用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1）at,in on表示时间点用。例如：six o’clock,noon,midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用。例如：the ninettenth century,2002,may,winter,the morning,the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用。例如：Monday,July 1st,Sunday morning等。2）since,after由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：翻译1：自从上个暑假以来，我没收到他的来信。翻译2：五天后那个男孩回来。3）in,after in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：翻译3：他过两天回来。翻译4：他两天后回来。翻译5：他一个月后回来了。（2）表示地点的介词1）at,in,on at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：翻译6：他昨天到上海的。翻译7：他们天黑前到达了一个小村庄。They arrived at a small village before dark.翻译8：墙上有个大洞。翻译9：老师在墙上张贴了一幅画。4）over,above,on over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：翻译10：河上有座桥。翻译11：我们飞在云彩上。翻译12：他们把些花放在讲台。5）across,through across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：翻译13：那些小孩游过河。翻译14：他们穿过了那片树林。6)in front of,in the front of in front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：翻译15：老师正坐在教室前。翻译16：在大楼前有些树木。3.介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to,laugh at,get to,look for wait for,hear from,turn on,turn off,worry about,think of,look after,spend…on…,等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time,in time,by bus,on foot,with pleasure,on one’s way to,in trouble,at breakfast,at the end of,in the end,,congratulations on等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for,be afraid of,be good at,be interested in,be angry with,be full of,be sorry for等。常见的介词有：表示时间的介词有：at,in,on,by,after,before,since,for,duiing,within,throughout,over,until/till,between表示方位的介词有：into,out of,aling,around,down,up from,off,at,for,to towareds,at,in,on,above,below,among,between,around,inside,outside,before,behind,over,under,beside/by,near,beyond,across,against,across,by/past,over,throufgh表示原因：because of,owing to,due to,fur,with,at(表示情感变化的词后)表示方式、方法或手段:方法手段的有by;in用（某种语言或材料，如墨水等）;with用（具体的工具）;through通过（实践或书本等）；表示“除----外”：except,besides,but,except for;表示数量：about,around,over表示关于：on,about;表示所属：of;表示(增加/减少，相差，高出等的)程度：by,to;能连接复合宾语的：with,without 4.连词的功能用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。5.并列连词并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的and,both…and,not only…but also,neither…nor等。(2)表选择关系的or,either…or等。(3)表转折关系的but,while等。(4)表因果关系的for,so等。6.从属连词从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if,unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because,as,since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的so that,in order that等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though,although,even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的so that,so…that,such…that等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than,as…as等。(8)引导名词从句的that,if,whether等。7.常用连词的用法辨析（1）while,when,as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。1)当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While,when,as都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：翻译17：当我正沿着街走时，我注意到一辆警车。2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：翻译18：当妈妈在做晚饭时，我正在做功课。3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：翻译19：随着小孩变大，他们对他们周围的事情越来越感兴趣。4)当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：Just as he caught the fly,he gave a loud cry.She looked behind from time to time as she went 5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：When he finished his work,he took a short rest.6)当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：翻译20：当他到达时我在做午餐。（2）as,because,since,for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：翻译21：因为天下雨，我呆在家里。2)如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As he wasn’t ready,we left without him.翻译22：由于我没有钱，我不能买任何食物。3)for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.（3）if,whether if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：I wonder whether(if)you still study in that school.I don’t know whether(if)he likes that film.在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：1)引导主语从句时。例如：翻译23：他是否来参加晚会还不知到。2)引导表语从句时。例如：翻译24：问题是我们是否能通过考试。3)在不定式前。例如：翻译25：我还没决定我是否去那。（4）so…that,such...that 1)so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：翻译26：我那么累了，我不能再走了。2)如果在名词之前有many,much,little,few时，用so,不用such。例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.（5）either…or…,neither…nor,not only…but also…这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：Either you or he is wrong.翻译27：他和他的孩子们都不喜欢鱼。翻译28：不仅老师而且学生都想买那本书。（6）although,but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。翻译29：虽然他超过60岁了，但他还象别人一样努力工作。（7）because,so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。翻译30：因为John病了，我带他去看医生。【高考直击】1.—I wonder how much you charge for your services.—The first two are free the third costs$30.A.while B.until C.when D.before 2.John plays basketball well,_____his favorite sport is badminton.A.so B.or C.yet D.for 3.You may use room as you like____you clean it up afterwards A.so far as B.so long as C.in case D.even if 4.At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see___it got any better.A.when B.how C.why D.if 5.______the police thought he was the most likely one,since they had no exact proof about it,they could not arrest him.A.Although B.As long as C.If only D.As soon as 6.Owen wouldn’t eat anything____________he cooked it himself A.until B.since C.unless D.while 7．The medicine works more effectively______you drink some hot water after taking it.A.as B.until C.although D.if 8.Hong Kong is______the south of China,and Macao is______the west of Hong Kong.A.in;to B.to;to C.to;in D.in;in 9.---You’d better not go out now.It’s raining.---It doesn’t matter.My new coat can keep______rain.A.in B.of C.with D.off 10.Japan lies______the east of China.A.to B.in C.about D.at二.用适当的介词填空1.---How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?---I’m going there_______my car.2.Mum,today is Mother’s Day.Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner_____us at Zhonglou Restaurant.3.Hangzhou is famous______the West Lake.4.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures______a camera.5.Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital______March,25th?6.We all agree______you.Let’s start at once.7.There is a big shop______the other side of the road.8.---Which necklace have you lost?---The one you gave me_____my birthday.9.You should take more exercise.It’s good______your health.10.It is clear that fish cannot live_______water.三.用适当的连词填空1.______they are brothers,they don’t look like each other at all.2.The dress was very expensive,______I didn’t buy it.3.---Do you know______I could pass the exam?---Sorry,I’ve no idea.4.Mr.Brown knows little Japanese,______he can’t understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.5.The war was over about a year ago,______the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.6.---Is David at school today?---No.He is at home_______he has a bad cold.7._____Lily_____Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.8.Study hard,_____you are sure to have a good result in the exam.9.Please have a wash_______you go to bed.10.The twins have learned a lot______they came to China.练习I：1.(定语)2.(状语)3.(表语)4.(宾语补足语)小结：定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。2.常用介词的用法辨析（1）at。at at at in。in in;in;in;in;in t;on;on;on;on;翻译1：I haven’t heard from him since last summer.翻译2：。After five days the boy came back.翻译3：He will be back in two months.翻译4：He will arrive after four o’clock.翻译5：He returned after a month.翻译6：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.翻译7：They arrived at a small village before dark.翻译8：There is a big hole in the wall.翻译9：。The teacher put up a picture on the wall.翻译10：There is a bridge over the river.翻译11：We flew above the clouds.翻译12：They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.翻译13：The boy swam across the river.翻译14：They walked through the forest.翻译15：The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.翻译16：There are some tall trees in front of the building.翻译17：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.翻译18：While mother was cooking lunch,I was doing my homework.翻译19：As children get older,they become more and more interested in things around them.翻译20：When John arrived I was cooking lunch.翻译21：I stayed at home because it rained.翻译22：Since I have no money,I can’t buy any food.翻译23：Whether he will come to the party is unknown.翻译24：The question is whether I can pass the exam.翻译25：I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.翻译26：I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.翻译27：Neither he nor his children like fish.翻译28：Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.翻译29：Although he is over sixty,he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty,but he works as hard as others.翻译30：Because John was ill,I took him to the doctor.或John was ill,so I took him to the doctor.【高考直击】一.1.答案A 2.答案D 3.答案C 4.答案A 5.答案A解析考查从属连词的用法。根据句意，引导让步状语从句。故选A。6.答案C解析考查连词的区别。该句的意思是：欧文不吃任何东西，除非这种东西是他自己7.答案D 8.A 9.D 10.A二.1.in 2.with 3.for 4.like 5.on 6.with 7.on 8.for 9.for 10.without三.1.Although/Though 2.so 3.if/whether 4.so 5.but 6.because 7.Either…or 8.and 9.before 10.since。
