高二英语单元单词短语句型知识梳理 Unit10 大纲人教版第二册.doc

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Unit 10理解:要点诠释单词1.frightening讲：adj.令人害怕的；可怕的vt.frighten吓唬；使害怕adj.frightened害怕的；恐惧的例：It is frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war.核战争的恐怖状况连想都不敢想。Tell him or her whether these things and situations frighten you and explain why.告诉他或她这些情况是否使你感到害怕并说明原因。Sorry,I didn’t mean to frighten you.对不起，我不是故意吓唬你的。He was frightened by the danger.他对这种危险感到恐惧。Frightened children were calling for their mothers.受惊吓的孩子们呼喊着找妈妈。链接·提示同义词：terrify vt.使害怕，吓唬；terrified adj.感到恐惧的；terrifying adj.令人害怕的练：（2020湖北宜昌调研）_________by the bullets whistling by,the timid fellow hid his head in the bush,__________.A.Frightened;left his body exposing B.Frightening;and left his body exposed C.Frightening;leaving his body exposed D.Frightened;leaving his body exposed提示:本题考查非谓语动词的用法。frighten与句子主语是动宾关系，故用过去分词表达被动关系。leaving是现在分词作伴随状语，表示和hid同时发生的动作。答案:D 2.arrival讲：n到达；到达的人或物（可数）短语on a person’s arrival某人一到就……例：Our time of arrival in Tokyo is four o clock.我们到东京的时间为四点。I’m waiting for the arrival of the news.我在等待消息的到达。There are several arrivals at the hotel.旅馆里到了几个新客人。On(my)arrival home I was greeted by my parents.我一到家父母就问候我。链接·拓展该词的动词为arrive，注意比较和get to，reach的区别。arrive为不及物动词，可单独作谓语，表示“到达”；接宾语时用短语arrive in（到大地方），arrive at（到小地方）；get to短语表示“到达”时，后跟宾语，注意get home，get there；reach为及物动词，后面必须跟宾语。宾语既可以表示地点，也可以是人。如：Your letter reached me yesterday.我昨天收到了你的来信。练：However,on his_________in Paris,he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.A.return B.back C.arrival D.reach提示:短语on his arrival in“他一到达……”为固定结构。答案:C 3.bury讲：v.埋葬；忘记；掩埋短语:bury oneself in/be buried in埋头于或专心致志于例：He was buried with his wife.他和他妻子葬在一起。He’s dead and buried for years.他已死亡并埋葬多年了。The house was buried under ten feet of snow.那所房子被埋在十英尺厚的雪地下。Ten miners were buried alive when the accident happened.当事故发生时，十名矿工被活活埋在里面。It’s time to bury our differences and be friends again.是我们摈弃分歧重归于好的时候了。In the evenings he buries himself in his books.每天晚上他都埋头于读书。练：Quantities of precious jewelry were found_______________under the sea.A.to be buried B.being buried C.buried D.burying提示:此处用过去分词作主语补足语，表示被动。答案:C 4.immediately讲：adv.立刻，马上；直接地，紧接地conj.一……就……例：I came immediately after I’d eaten.我吃完饭马上就来了。Do it immediately!马上做这件事！You may leave immediately he comes.他一来你就可以离开。链接·提示下列词、短语和句型也可以表示“一……就……”的意思：directly,the moment,on doing...,hardly...when...,no sooner...than...。The moment that I saw you I knew you were angry with me.我一见到你，就知道你生我的气了。Directly when I had done it,I knew I had made a mistake.我一做完这件事，就知道我错了。练：_________the news of the victory in the newspaper,the people jumped with joy.A.On reading B.When read C.To read D.Read提示:on doing作状语，表示“一……就……”。答案:A短语1.live through讲：该短语为及物动词短语，表示“活过经历”例：The patient will not live through the night.那病人将无法活过今晚。He has lived through two wars and three revolutions.他经历两次战争和三次革命。They lived through the Second World War.他们经历过第二次世界大战。get through做/办/看完；通过/让通过；接通电话I will be with you as soon as I get through this work.我一做好这项工作就到你这儿来。I tried to telephone you but I couldn’t get through.我设法打你的电话，但打不通。go through审阅；检查；讨论；查看；看一遍；经历（困难、痛苦等），经过（阶段等）The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家经历了太多的战争。He thought it his duty to go through the papers.他认为审阅这些文件是他的职责。练：They________all the details of the plan time and again to make sure that the project went smoothly.A.got through B.went through C.got over D.dipped into提示:本题考查短语动词的辨析。根据句子的意思分析，此处用go through，表示“仔细讨论”的意思。而get through“接通；通过”；get over“恢复；克服”；dip into“浏览”均和句子的意思不相符合。答案:B 2.on end讲：该短语为介词短语，表示“直立坚立；连续地”注意名词前没有冠词。例：make one’s hair stand on end（恐怖等）使人毛骨悚然He stood the box on end.他把箱子竖立起来。It snowed for three days on end.一连下了三天雪。链接·提示at the end结束；尽头She was at the end of the patience.她已忍无可忍。in the end最后；终于He tired again and again and succeeded in the end.他一试再试，终于成功。put an end to结束；停止The chief task of the moment is to put an end to the terrible pollution in the rivers.当务之急是制止河流的严重污染。come to an end完毕；终止；结束The meeting came to an end early.会议很早就结束了。练：He placed the box_______________and sat on it.A.on end B.on the end C.at the end D.by the end提示:本句话的意思为“他把箱子竖起来，坐在上面”。答案:A句型1.upon/on+n./doing讲：请观察下面教材原句：Upon arrival，my uncle hugged Pompy and tried to give him courage.一来到我叔叔就拥抱了庞贝，想给他点勇气。upon arrival意为“刚一来到”。介词upon或on后常接动词性的名词或动名词，表示“刚……就；一……就”。例：On arriving in Beijing,I called him upon the phone.到了北京，我就打电话给他。She was joyful upon seeing her child take his steps.看到孩子开始走路了，她很开心。Upon hearing from you,I shall let her know.收到你的来信，我就会立刻告诉她。练：Upon his_________from Europe,he set to work at once.A.return B.back C.arrival D.reach提示:句意为：从欧洲刚回来，他就立刻着手工作。答案:A 2.whether to do讲：请观察下面教材原句：He paused for a moment wondering whether to turn back as the captain urged him.他停了一会儿，想一想是否按船长的要求返回去。whether to do是固定用法，此时whether不可换成if。相当于whether引导的从句。例：He doesn’t know whether to stay or leave.他不知道是留下来还是离开。I have to decide whether to start now or to wait for him.我不得不决定是等他还是现在就开始。链接·提示whether...or...为英语固定结构，表示“是……抑或……”，引导名词性从句。这时whether不能换成if。练：She really didn’t know________to accept or refuse the man’s offer.A.if B.whether C.what D.how提示:题意是“她当时真不知道是该接受还是该拒绝那个人的帮助”。whether后可接不定式，if则不可。答案:B辨析raise,rise raise vt.意思是“举起，抬起，升起，提高，提升，饲养，种植，引起”，后接宾语。rise vi.意思是“升起，上涨，增长，站起身来，起床”,不能带宾语。即时练习:(1)A good idea____________in my mind.(2)The temperature began to___________in the afternoon.(3)The ship which sank last week___________to the surface.(4)The sun___________in the east.(5)We all saluted as the National flag___________in the schoolyard.(6)Who is the man that has___________from his chair?(7)Don’t__________your plate from the table.(8)He___________his hand to catch the chairman’s attention.答案:(1)rose(2)rise(3)has been raised(4)rises(5)was raised(6)has risen(7)raise(8)raised诱思:实例点拨【例1】（2020江西高考）—Hello,Mr.Smith.This is Larry Jackson.I am afraid I won’t be able to arrive on time for the meeting in your office.—_______.We’ll wait for you.A.Hurry up B.No doubt C.Cheer up D.That’s all right提示:由答语We’ll wait for you可知，应选That’s all right，意为“没关系”。而hurry up意为“抓紧”；no doubt意为“无疑，很可能”；cheer up意为“加油”。答案:D讲评:情景交际题目。要从语境上和英语习惯上去分析。【例2】（2020江苏高考）I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than_______________in the city.A.ones B.one C.that D.those提示:因为题干中the air there表示特指，所以应选择表示特指的替代词；air为不可数名词，用that替代，而不用those。答案:C讲评:注意分析是特指还是泛指，名词是可数还是不可数。