一、有关抉择类：・一一主体举例论证第——段：©As is shown above,图画描述(at a crossroad stand a group of university studentszbeing at a loss when facing a lot of choices,such as to find a job,to pursue the master degree at home,to go abroad for further study and to establish a career.)②Simple as the cartoon is,it does present us a common scene when university students reach a fork in the road.第二段：①The picture above may aim at illustrating the topic of the importance of the choice especially for the personal growth.②Obviously,any perspective observers would not hesitate to be of the message that making the advisable choice remains to be an integral part for one’s personal success.③Put it another way,without the right direction,barely could one fit into the societyjet alone attain social status.©Generally speakings series of proper choices in the future can help us treat the world with benevolence,confidence and tolerance.⑤For instance,the late CEO of Apple.Steven Jobs,the excellent embodiment of American dream,who went through an unusual growth history but gained far-ranging recognition and admiration,perfectly exemplifies with his own glorious personal accomplishment the significance of reasonable choices.@lt is no exaggeration to claim that hardly could he attain his success without a string of sensible decisions.第三段：①However,it is also truth that only rational decisions are not enough.②What’s more important is that,we ought to remember that no road full of flowers leads to glory.@So whatever choices we make,we commit ourselves to striving for it.议解决问题的最后日期，并表示对所投诉问题的妥善解决充满信心。投诉信一般可分为三段：第一段说明信的主要意思，即提出要解决的问题，以及解决问题的重要性；第二段可以解释一下详细的情况,提出与投诉有关的重要依据二最后一段一般是提建议，说出你所期望的解决方法。附加句子1.…是不可能的；无法…There is no Ving=There is no way of Ving.=There is no possibility of Ving.=It is impossible to V.=It is out of the question to V.=No one can V.=We cannot V.例：不可否认的，成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.2.…无论如何强调都不为过...cannot be overemphasized例：交通平安的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.7.就我的看法，…;我认为...In my opinion,...=To my mind,....=As far as I am concerned,...=I am of the opinion that子句例：就我的看法，打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。In my opinion,playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.8.(B)就我所知，…As far as my knowledge is concerned,...例：就我所知，以下方法对我帮助很大。As far as my knowledge is concerned,the following ways are of great help to me.13.(A)随着人口的增加，…With the increase/growth of the population,...(B)随着科技的进步，…With the advance of science and technology,...例：随着台湾经济的快速开展，许多社会问题产生了。With the rapid development of Taiwan’s economy,a lot of social problems have come to pass.14.(A)在这信息的年代，…扮演重要的角色。In the age of information and communication,...plays an important role.(B)在今日工业社会中，…是生命不可或缺的。In today’s industrial society,...is indispensable to life.例：在这信息的年代，计算机扮演非常重要的角色。In this age of information and communication,the computer plays an extremely important role.15.在讨论…，一个人不得不成认…。In dealing with one cannot but admit(that)子句例：在讨论未来的职业，一个人不得不成认尽早决定未来的职业很重要。In dealing with one’s future career,one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide one’s future career as early as possible.17....是必要的It is necessary that S(should)V...是重要的It is important/essential that S(should)V 19.据说…It is said(that)子句一般认为…It is thought(that)子句大家都知道…It is known(that)子句据报导…It is reported(that)子句一般预料…It is expected(that)子句一般估计…It is estimated(that)子句一般相信…It is believed(that)子句例：一般相信阅读增加我们的知识、扩大我们的心胸。It is believed(that)reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.21.俗语说得好：F...J o Well goes an old saying,=As an old saying goes(runs,says),=An old saying goes,=It’s an old saying(that)子句例：俗话说得好：「老实为上策」。As an old saying goes,’’Honesty is the best policy.*’22.(A)…用以下方法in the following ways.(B)…有三个主要理由。...for three major reasons.(C)要…，至少我们可做三件事。To there are at least three things we can do.例：(A)我用以下方法增加信心。I increase my confidence in the following ways.(B)人们学外语有三个理由。People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.(C)为了维护健康，我们每天至少可做三件事。To keep healthy,there are at least three things we can do every day.II.用于文章承转句29.相反地，…on the contrary,...=by contrast,...例：相反地，少数学生似乎还在鬼混。On the contrary,a few students,it seems,are still fooling around.33.别人可能认为这是事实，但我不是。我认为・・・It may be true as assumed by others,but I don’t.I surely deem that子句例：别人可能认为这是事实，但我不是。我认为…It may be true as assumed by others,but I don’t.I surely deem that if you have strong determination and perseverance,the success w川certainly come to you in the end.35.这样说来，假如…，当然毫无疑问地…。In this light,if...,there can surely be no doubt(that)子句例：这样说来，假如我们能善用时间，当然毫无疑问地我们会成功O In this light,if we can make good use of time,there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.38.如果能实践这三点，…。If one can really put the three points into action(practice),...例：如果能实践这三点，…。If one can really put the three points into action(practice),he w川surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.41.实践这些，…。By putting them(the above)into practice,....例：实践这些，在智育方面我一直能不断进步。By putting them(the above)into practice,I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.(B)唯有通力合作，我们才能…。Only with combined efforts,can we....例：唯有通力合作，我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌。Only with combined efforts,can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.43.最后，但并非最不重要，…。Last but no least,....例：最后，但并非最不重要，教育上的缺失是助长青少年犯罪的原因。Last but no least,the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.44.这证据显示〜的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。This evidence shows that the importance of〜cannot be overemphasized.例：这证据显示交通平安的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.47.因此，我们能下个结论，那就是・・・。We can,therefore,come to the conclusion(that)子句例：因此，我们能下个结论，那就是世上自由罪珍贵。We can,therefore,come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.48.如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，…。If we can do as mentioned above,there can be no doubt(that)子句例：如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，我们就能精通英语。If we can do as mentioned above,there can be no doubt that we can master English 51.因此，由上列的讨论我们可以明了…。We,therefore,can make clear from the above discussion(that)子句例：因此，山上列的讨论我们可以明了毅力可以克服任何困难。We,therefore,can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.52.(A)从〜观点来看，…。From the〜point of view,....(B)根据〜的看法，…。According to〜point of view,....例：从政治的观点来看，这是一个很复杂的问题。From the political point,it’s such acomplicate issue。more and more people interested in learning English.二、良好（的现象或）品质类：・…一主体举例论证第一段:①As is depicted above,图画描述（倒装+非限定性定语从句+非谓语动词）。©Simple as the cartoon is,certain informative implication is revealed in it.第二段：©The crux of the cartoonjies in demonstrating the paramount significance of良好品质，which could be counted as a positive forcezwhen it comes to the personal growth,especially in this ever rapidly changing modern society.②Hence,due attention to this noble quality is attached by individuals and even the whole society.©Generally speaking,those people with the spirit of良好品质can not only accumulate wealth,but will also establish their careers,fit into society,and even attain social status,more easily to some extent.@The world has been filled with a variety of examples of良好MJ页,with the following one being foremost.©Take Steven Jobs,the late CEO of Apple,an excellent embodiment of American dream,fohnstance.（可另外准备一个国内的例子以应对不同的品质）⑥It is良好।品质that helps him to achieve his glorious accomplishment in the manufacture industry and fulfill his dream to sell the i-phone to all the walks of life over the world.第三段：©In conclusion,to make our society a better place,positive examples of this kind should be made known and followed by individuals in every profession and every corner.②Besides,our ardent love for life will further guarantee the prosperity of this life-affirming force.③It is no exaggeration to claim that,in the light of this invaluable asset,we can hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost.三、不好的现象（或品质）类：……主体因果论证第一段:①As is vividly illustrated above,图画描述（倒装+非限定性定语从句+非谓语动词）②It is apparent that the cartoon.so profound in its simplicityjs similar to a mirror which has been reflecting an informative regarding of不好现象（环境污染，孝道缺失等等）.第二段：©What motivated the author,we were to comprehend,was his zeal for calling for us to pay attention to主题（环境，关爱老人，面对面交流等等）.②In no country,other than Chinajt has been said thatjs this phenomenon more obvious\serious.③The past decades have witnessed a huge development in economy owing to some prompt and proper policies being carried out,bringing some problems at the same time,with the above being the foremost.©Although views about the problem demonstrated above vary from person to personjn my point of view,there are at least two reasons for this issue.©For one thing@For the another,（展开想象,尽情编吧）第三段：©So urgent as the situation isjt is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations（should）be introduced to curb and harness the serious problem.②In addition,public awareness of主题ought to be enhanced equally.③With a proper regulation,an alert public and an advisable proposaljt will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past.©To conclude,better late than never.四、对立统一现象类：——主体正反论证第一段：①As is shown above,图画描述图画描述（倒装+非限定性定语从句+非谓语动词）②Recently,this picture has triggered a heated discussion on the WeChat the most influential social media in China.第二段：©This cartoon does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon,which is not uncommon in China recently.②What motivated the author,we were to comprehend,was his zeal for calling for us to pay attention to a mixed blessing,that is主题现象（网络,文化交流,科技进步等等）.③The past couple of decades have witnessed a huge development in economy owing to some prompt and proper policies being carried out,bringing some controversial issues at the same time,with the above being the foremost.©According to my humble perspective,主题，the thought-provoking social phenomenonjs a double-edged sword which can produce two contrast influences.⑤On the one hand,@0n the other hand,（展开想象，关键还得编）第三段：①To sum up,when it comes to the issue of主题,we are not discussing a yes-no question.②What is to be done should be about the balanced usage of主题and outweigh the side effects.③Indeed,we may benefit from it when we make use of itzrather than getting lost inside.©Just as the old saying goes that to take the essence and discard the dregs.模板的结构与分类总结的根据（2006年之前的真题也差不多）：1.抉择类：存在多种选择…一明智选择很重要（例子为证）--仅仅明智选择还不够，要努力！13年真题2.不好现象（或品质）：不好现象折射不良品质・一一情况很糟糕，现象很普遍。——措施、建议、展望。06年：过度追星；07年：缺乏自行；11年：旅程之“余”；15年：手机时代的聚会3.良好（现象或）品质：良好现象反映良好品质一•一良好品质很重要（例子为证）……弘扬，推广，展望。08年：合作共赢；14年：孝道。4.对立统一现象：现象引争议・…一花开两朵，各表一枝，正反论述,点到为止。一.取其精华，去其糟粕。09年：网络“远”与“近”；10年：文化火锅；12年：“全完了”与“还剩一点儿”；15年：手机时代的聚会。特别说明：1.以上分类是根据历年的真题分类而总结出来的。按理说，可以分为良好现象、良好品质、不好现象、不好品质和对立统一现象共五种类型，但考虑到良好现象必定为了表达良好品质，不好品质必定通过不好现象来折射，因此本总结去除了良好现象和不好品质的两个模板，这两个模板无非第一段前两句描述画面有所不一样而已，自己稍微临场发挥一下就可以。而加上“抉择类”是为了防止这样一种选择倾向的题目，因为在信息爆炸的社会，选择越来越多，防着点，有备无患。2.模板中共用到3种论证方法，而举例论证是最好的论证方法，也是老师最愿意看到的，原因有二：一是比拟生动，二是比拟有说服力。这个可以从好多阅读理解真题得到验证，或许也是阅读理解一直有例证题的原因之一吧。3.重点关注对立统一模板，因为不管写什么类型的思辨地写总是能加分的。当然，每一篇模板都要烂熟于心。4.附录局部并非自己总结，只是搬运工，但是句子是筛选过的。5.如果你有兴趣，可以拿模板去验证历年真题，可以好不夸张的说：通杀！！！PS.本人能力有限，假设有更好资料，果断忽略此总结。后期有更新的，我会发给大家。局部或许有输入错误，见谅。祝考研成功Fighting!!!!附录：小作文模板总结：⑴求职信（申请信）⑵其他申请信写申请信的时候一般应注意以下几点：首先，语气要诚挚友好，措辞要严谨，千万不要表现出强求的意思。第二，对于申请的内容和原因一定要写得非常清楚，不能含糊。第三，尽管不能表现出强求的意思，但是期望得到的心情一定要表达出来。最后列举一些写申请信常用的表达法，供考生参考：I am writing to you because I wish to•••I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about your college and the application forms…I am a graduate from I am very interested in Please send me all relevant information concerning the program you offer.I should be most grateful to you if you would send me…I would appreciate very much if you could send me…Thank you for your consideration and I look forward to your favorable reply.Enclosed in this letter please find three letters of recommendation and a certified copy of my transcript.⑶推荐信写推荐信应该注意以下儿点：首先，推荐人在写信前应该详细了解聘方或学校的要求、工作性质、专业特点等有关情况，有针对性地介绍并推荐申请者。第二，推荐信要多写优点，充分肯定成绩，语气要积极、热情。但为了客观起见，也可适当提一下申请者的缺乏之处，但一定要说明这种缺乏之处是可以通过学习和锻炼得到克服的。第三，推荐信的篇幅不宜过长第四，推荐信的称呼一般用To whom it may concern或者Dear sir or Madam。最后列举儿个写推荐信常用的表达法，供考生参考：I proudly introduce…to your attention.I am certain that・♦・will build a bright career with your instruction.I would safely say that…will be excellent with your program.I have no doubt that…will make a strong candidate for your program.…is surely the right person for your program.（4）邀请信邀请信分为两种：一种属于个人信函：另一种邀请信那么属于事务信函，一般是邀请参加会议、学术活动等等。⑸感谢信（6）咨询信咨询信指的是用于了解信息、资料和情况等等的信件。写咨询信要注意以下几个问题：第一，从措辞上来讲，一定要有礼貌，要比拟客气地说清楚你想了解什么或者有什么要求。第二，所提的问题一定要具体、明确，不能含糊其辞，否那么会让对方感到无从回答。第三，如果同时有好几个问题需要对方回答，可以考虑分段写;如果问题比拟简单，那么无需分段，但一定要将每个问题分别写清楚。第四，一定要记得在信中向对方表示感谢。写咨询信的时候，一般分三个局部来写。首先说明自己的情况,写咨询信的目的；第二步讲明自己要咨询的问题，要简洁明晰；在新的结尾要向对方表示感谢。此外，记得要注明与，以便对方答复。⑺订购信⑻投诉信投诉信中应该包含的内容有：你所投诉的问题；该问题给你造成的不良后果；与投诉有关的重要依据，如商品简要说明、购买日期地点等；你所希望的解决方法和最后结果。此外，还可以向对方建。
