Unit1预习提纲Unit1Topic1SectionA①The Changing World意为“变化中的世界”，changing是现在分词，作world的定语，表示正在进行的动作。e.g.a moving car一辆行驶中的汽车[拓展]分词作定语的区别:现在分词作定语，常表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词作定语通常表示已完成的动作。e.g.developing countries发展中国家，developed countries发达国家，boiling water沸腾的水，boiled water开水②此句是现在完成时，表示在说话之前已发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。其结构是"助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”。e.g.I have finished that work.我已经完成了那项工作。③have/has been to..意为“去过....”。e.g.He has been to Hubei.他去过湖北(人已不在湖北)。④so..that和such..that都可引导结果状语从句，意为“如此.....以至于.....”.so是副词，后跟形容词或副词，such是形容词，后跟名词或名词短语，其结构对比如下:“so+adj/adv.+that+其他”;such+(a/an)+adj.+n+that+其他”。e.g.China has become so strong that we are all proud of her.中国变得如此强大，我们都为她感到自豪。China is such a strong country that we are all proud of her.中国是个如此强大的国家，我们都为她感到自豪。[注意]当名词前有many,much,few或little时，要用so..that,即:“so+many/much/few/little+n.+that+其他”。e.g.There were so many people on the bus that I can’t find a seat to sit on.公交车上的人如此多，以至我找不到座位坐下来。⑤by the way意为“顺便问一下”。e.g.By the way,which class are you in?顺便问一下，你在哪个班?⑥have has gone to..意为“已经去了”，它强调主语此时不在说话地点。e.g.She has gone to Shanghai她已经去了上海。⑦这是现在完成时的一般疑问句，它的结构是:“have/has+主语+过去分词...”⑧这是现在完成时的特殊疑问句，它的结构是:“疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词..”Unit1Topic1SectionB①在完成时的否定结构是"haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词”。②1)experience意为“经验;经历”，当表示“经验”时，是不可数名词:当表示“经历，体会”时，是可数名词。e.g.Miss Yang has much experience in travelling and she has many odd experiences.杨老师旅游经验丰富，她有很多奇特的经历。2)感叹句常用what或how引导，what修饰名词或名词短语，how修饰形容词、副词或动词。修饰名词、形容词或副词时，可省略句中的主语和谓语。What+(a/an)+adj.+名词+主语+谓语!How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!How+主语+谓语!e.g.What beautiful flowers(they are)!(它们是)多漂亮的花呀!How cool(the movie star is)!(这位影星)多酷呀!How she loves her hometown!她多么爱她的家乡呀![温馨提示]有时what和how可互换。e.g.What a lovely girl she is!=How lovely a girl she is!她是多可爱的一个女孩呀!③1)though conj.意为“尽管，虽然”,引导让步状语从句。though不能与but连用。e.g.Though it was late,he went on working尽管很晚了，但他仍在工作。Unit1Topic1SectionC①more than相当于over,意为“超过，多于”，后常跟数词。e.g.more than/over ten men十多个人[拓展]more..than...意为“比...更....”.，是比较级的一种用法。中间多接名词、多音节的形容词或副词原级。e.g.I have more friends than you.我的朋友比你的多。He is more careful than Jim.他比吉姆细心。②see sth.oneself意为“亲眼目睹”。e.g.I saw him helping others myself.我亲眼目睹他帮助别人。③have the chance to do sth.意为“有机会做某事”。e.g.I’ll have the chance to visit your factory next Sunday.下个星期天我将有机会去参观你们的工厂。④1)keep in touch with....意为“与.......保持联系”e.g.He still keeps in touch with his old friends.他仍和老朋友们保持联系。2)far away意为遥远”，常放在句末作后置定语。e.g.They live in a village far away.他们住在一个遥远的村子里。Far away adj.意为“遥远的”。e.g.a far away town一个遥远的小镇“far away from+某地”意为“离某地遥远”。如前面有具体数字时，则不能连用far.e.g.My home is far away from Beijing.我家离北京很远。My hometown is about 100 kilometers away from Shanghai.我的家乡离上海大约100千米。⑤develop v.意为“发展发达”developed adj.发达的，developing adj.发展中的，development n.发展。e.g.China’s economy has developed a lot,but China is still a developing county while the USA is a developed country.中国的经济已经有了很大的发展，但中国仍是一个发展中国家，而美国是一个发达国家。⑥satisfy v.意为“使(某人)满意或满足”...e.g.It’s impossible to satisfy everyone.让所有的人满意是不可能的。be satisfied with..意为“.对....感到满意、满足”，与be pleased with..同义。e.g.He is satisfied with his new job.他对他的新工作感到满意。⑦not only..but also...意为“不但.....而且.....”用来连接两个相同的成分。连接主语时，谓语动词的数须和邻近的主语保持一致。e.g.Not only he but also I have been to Canada.不仅他去过加拿大，我也去过。⑧care n.意为“照料，照顾:护理”。medical care医疗保健patient care病人护理take care of(sb/sth)照料、照顾(某人/某物)care v.意为“关心，关注”[拓展]care about sb./sth.关注、在意、担忧某人/某物e.g.I don’t care about what she said.我不在意她所说的。⑨1)already adv.意为“已经”，多用于现在完成时，用于肯定句中，在否定或疑问句中要改为yet,否定句中yet意为“还没有”。e.g.I have already finished writing this Ietter我已经写完这封信了。I haven’t finished writing this litter yet.我还没有写完这封信。2)succeed v.意为“成功”，success n.成功，successful adj.成功的常用短语:succeed in(=be successful in)sth./doing sth.成功地做某事e.g.Jim succeeded in(=is successful in)finding his lost pen.吉姆成功地找到了弄丢的钢笔。⑩句型It is+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，如果形容词是描述人的品质、性格则用of,如kind,clever,careless,foolish等;如形容词是描述事物的特征则用for,如easy,difficult,important,necessary等。e.g.It is very kind of you to give me so much help.你给我们这么多帮助真是太好了。It is very important for us to learn English well对于我们来说，学好英语很重要。Unit1Topic1SectionD①play a part/role in sth意为“在...中发挥作用”。e.g.The Internet plays an important part in our lives.网络在我们的生活中发挥着重要的作用。在空闲时间，我通常和我的同学们踢足球。③both..and...意为“不仅.......而且，......和.....都....”.与“not only...but also..”同义。e.g.The food in this restaurant is both delicious and cheap.=The food in this restaurant is not only delicious but also cheap.这个餐馆的饭菜既可口又便宜。[注意]both...and...连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数;not only...but also...应遵循就近原则。e.g.Both English and math are my favorite subjects.=Not only English but also math is my favorite subject.英语和数学都是我最喜欢的科目。语法精讲现在完成时(1)1.构成:现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成。其肯定式、否定式、疑问式和答语的结构如下表所示:肯定式I(You)have worked.He(She/It)has worked.We(You/They)have worked.否定式I(You)have not/haven’t worked.He(She/It)has not/hasn’t worked.We(You/They)have not/haven’t worked.疑问式Have I(you)worked?Has he(she/it)worked?Have we(you/they)worked?简单回答Yes,you(I)have./No,you(I)have not/haven’t.Yes,he(she/it)has./No,he(she/it)has not/hasn’t.Yes,you(we/they)have./No,you(we/they)have not/haven’t.2.have(has)been to与have(has)gone to“have(has)been to+某地”，表示曾经去过某地，现在已不在那儿;"have(has)gone to+某地”，表示去了某地，现在不在这儿。e.g.He has been to Canada,but now he is working in our company.他曾去过加拿大，现在我们公司工作。Mr.Li isn’t at home.He has gone to Shanghai.李先生不在家，他去上海了。Unit1Topic2SectionA①get lost意为“走失，迷路”。其中lost为形容词，其近义词有missing和gone。e.g.I found my bike missing.我发现我的自行车丢了。My pen is lost.我的笔丢了。My watch is gone.我的手表不见了。②call up意为“给....打电话”同义词组有:ring up,make a phone/call.e.g.I’ll call you up soon.我很快就给你打电话。[拓展]此为动词加副词构成的动词短语，当宾语是名词时可以放在副词后或动词与副词之间;当宾语是人称代词时，则必须放在动词与副词之间。类似短语有很多，如:put up,turn up,take off,give up,give away等。e.g He often calls his mother up(=calls up his mother)on the weekend.他经常在周末给母亲打电话。The radio is too noisy.Tum it down please.收音机太吵闹了，请关小一点。③此句为完全倒装句。其含义为“我也是。”其结构是“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。e.g.He likes playing the piano.So does she.他喜欢弹钢琴，她也是。其否定结构为“neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。e.g.I am not good at singing,neither is he.我不擅长唱歌，他也是。[注意]“so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词”指对同一看法的肯定，意为“.....的确如此”。e.g.-I think Tom can work out the problem.我认为汤姆能算出这道题。So he can.他的确能。④"have/has been+动词的现在分词”，用于现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。谓语动词多用持续性动词，常与一段时间连用。e.g.He has been collecting stamps for many years.他集邮很多年了。⑤nearby adj.意为“附近的，邻近的”。e.g.Her mother lived in a nearby town.她的母亲住在附近一个小镇上。adv.意为“在附近，不远”e.g.They live nearby.他们住在附近。⑥lose one’s way意为“迷失方向，迷路”e.g.We lost our way in the dark.我们在黑暗中迷失了方向。Unit1Topic2SectionB①population n.意为“人口,居民”,常用形容词large或small来表示人口的多少。e.g.China has the largest population in the world.中国拥有世界上最多的人口。【注意】常用句式What’s the population of…?人口是多少?have a population of…有…人口e.g.China has a population of 1.3 billion.中国有13亿人口②Increase.意为“(使)增加,(使)增大,增多”。increase by+倍数或百分数,意为“增加了…倍或百分之…”与去年相比,我们的工资增长了3倍。increase to+具体的增长后的数，意为增加到了…e．g.Our rice output has increased to 6 million tons this year.我们的水稻产量今年增长到了60万吨.③second在这里意为“居第二位的”e.g.India is second with 1.1 billion.=India has the second largest population with 1.1 billion.印度以11亿人口位居第二.As a dancer,she is second to none作为一名舞留家,她的舞技不亚于任何人。④carry out意为“实行;进行,执行”。e.g.It won’t be an easy plan to carry out.那并不是一个容易实施的计划This is a new policy,and they will carry it out next year.这是一项新政策,他们将在明年实施它⑤cause v.意为“引起,造成,引导”;n.意为“原因;事业”e.g.The heavy fog caused the traffic accident.浓雾导致了这期交通事故。What’s the cause of the fire?这次火灾的原因是什么?⑥1)take measures to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”。e.g.The government takes many measures to improve the environment.政府采取了许多措施来改善环境2)此句中do you think是插入语,what measures在句中作主语,所以do you think之后接陈述句语序。e.g.Who do you know is on duty today?你知道今天谁值日吗?Unit1Topic2SectionC①one fifth意为“五分之一”。分数表示法为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于一时,分母加-s e.g,one third三分之一,two thirds三分之二【注意】half意为“ー半,二分之一”,相当于one second,a quarter.意为“四分之一”,相当于one fourth【拓展】分数(或百分数)作主语时,谓语动词的形式由分数(或百分数)后面的名词来确定。当是单数名词或不可数名词时,动词用单数形式:当是复数名词时,动词用复数形式。e.g.One fourth of the sand is wet.四分之一的沙子是潮湿的。Two fifths of the apple is red.五分之二的苹果是红色的。One third of the students in my class are boys.我班的三分之一学生是男生。②because of+n./v-ing意为“因为……”,相当于because+从句。e.g.Many young couples are planning to have a second child because of our country’s two-child policy.=Many young couples are planning to have a second child because our country has the two-child policy由于国家放开了二孩政策,许多年轻夫妇计划再养一个孩子。③whole着眼于整体,接可数名词单数形式。谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。e.g,The whole family likes watching TV.全家人都喜爱看电视。This whole week has passed quickly.整个一周都过得很快all着重于全体中的各个部分,接不可数名词或名词复数。e.g.All the people in the ship lost their lives.轮船上的所有人都遇难了④supply n.意为“供应量,供给量,储备”。e.g.The water supply is not enough.水的供给不足。【拓展】supply v.意为“(尤其大量)供应,供给,提供”,常用结构:supply sth.to sb./supply sb.with sth e.g.Our country supplies free textbooks to children我国给孩子们提供免费的教科书。【辨析】provide,offer与supply意思相近,但用法不同。provide sth.for sb/provide sb.with sth.=offer sth.to sb./offer sb.sth⑤“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越……”e.g.The weather is getting colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的校园变得越来越漂亮了。⑥be known as意为“作为…而出名”,后跟表示“职业、职位、身份、头衔”等名词;be known for意为“因……而出名”,后跟表示“特征或特点”类名词。e.g.Beijing is known as the capital of China.北京作为中国的首都而出名。Hangzhou is known for the West Lake.杭州因西湖而出名。⑦work well in doing sth.意为“在做某事方面很有成效”。e.g.Reciting texts every day has worked well in learning English每天背诵课文在学习英语方面很有成效③thanks to意为“多亏了…,由于……的帮助”相当于because of或with the help of.在此短语中,to是介词,后接名词或代词。e.g.Thanks to the doctor,I am well again多亏这位医生,我身体又康复了。Unit1Topic2SectionD①called Fairmont过去分词短语放在名词后作后置定语,这里called可改为named/with the name of e.g.The boy called/named/with the name of Li Lei is my brother.名叫李雷的那个男孩是我的弟弟。②be surrounded by意为“被…所环绕”。e.g.The lake is surrounded by mountains.这个湖四面环山③be careful with/about of sth.意为“小心谨慎地对待某事或某物”e.g.Be careful with the steps,please请当心台阶。④discourage意为“劝阻,阻止”后接动词-ing形式。e.g.We must discourage smoking among teenagers.我们必须劝阻青少年吸烟语法精讲现在完成时(II)1.用法:表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。e.g.Sorry,my dictionary isn’t here.I have left it at home.抱歉，我的词典不在这儿，我忘在家里了。2.时间状语:现在完成时不可以和明确表示过去的时间状语连用，如:yesterday,last year等，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语连用。如:already,yet(用于否定和疑问句中)，just,ever,never,before,recently,once等。e.g.We have already finished my homework.我们已经完成家庭作业了。Have you heard the news yet?你已经听到这个消息了吗?Unit1Topic3SectionA①How do you like sth./doing sth.?=What do you think of sth./doing sth.?意为“你觉得....怎么样?”用来提问对某事或人的评价或看法。e.g.--How do you like Kangkang?(-What do you think of Kangkang?)你觉得康康怎么样?-Helpful but a little careless.他乐于助人，但有点儿粗心。[拓展]What is sb.like?用来提问人的性格、品质等，意为“某人是个什么样的人?”What does sb.look like?用于提问人的长相、外貌，意为“某人长得什么样?”What does sb.like?用来提问人的爱好，意为“某人喜欢什么?”e.g.-What is Helen like?海伦是个什么样的人?She is quiet and a little shy她文静，有点害羞。-What does Jane look like?简长得什么样?She is tall and has curly hair.她高个子，长有卷发。-What do you like?你喜欢什么?-I like sports.我喜欢运动。②get used to sth./doing sth.意为“习惯于(做)某事”，可用于多种时态，get可用动词be或become来代替。e.g.You’Il be/get/become used to the country life soon.你会很快习惯农村生活。【拓展】used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事(现在不再做了)”,强调与现在的对比,只用于一般过去时态e.g.He used to be late for school.他过去常常上学迟到。(意指现在已不迟到了)be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”表示被动。e.g.Mobile phones can be used to take photos and play games.手机可以用来拍照和玩游戏。③since引导的从句常用一般过去时,意为“自从…以来”,它前面的主句通常使用现在完成时。e.g.It has been raining since I came here two days ago.自从两天前我来到这里就一直下雨④1)as a matter of fact意为“实际上”,相当于in fact e.g.As a matter of fact,I just got off the plane yesterday morning.实际上,我昨天早上刚下飞机。2)动词不定式to live在此作place的定语。动词不定式作定语时,与所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,或者其本身有宾语,后面应跟有介词。但当动词不定式所修饰的名词是place时,不定式后面通常没有介词。e.g.We were looking for a place to sit.我们正找个坐的地方。⑤在现在完成时态的句子中,短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语(for+时间段/since+时间点)连用,此时,要把短暂性动词改为延续性动词。此句中的be away from意为“离开……”,表示延续的状态,代替了非延续性动词leave。常见的这类词有buy→have borrow→keep leave→be away become→be begin/start→be on finish/end→be over die→be dead open→be open close→be closed come(to)→be(in)arive at(in)/get to/reach→be in Join→be a member of e.g.How long have you kept this dictionary?本词典你借多久了?I have been here for more than half an hour.我来这已经有半个多小时了。Unit1Topic3SectionB①Manage v.意为“完成(困难的事);经营,管理;设法对付”。e.g.Although there is much difficulty,I think I can manage it虽然困难不小,但我认为能完成这件事The girl is good at managing her money.这位女孩善于理财。They managed to get home before six他们设法在六点前赶到家。【辨析】manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”,意指某件事成功了相当于succeed in doing sth.;try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”,指做出努力,但成功与否不得而知。e.g.Although it rained heavily,they managed to catch the last train.尽管下着大雨,他们也设法赶上了末班车。He tried to pass the exam but he failed again.他努力通过考试,但再次失败了。【温馨提示】management n.经营,管理;manager n.经理。②l)once conj.意为“一旦……就”引导时间状语从句。在谈论将来情况时,主句可用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。e.g.Once I get his telephone number,I will tell you.一旦知道他的电话号码,我就告诉你。2)in need意为“在困难时,在危急中”。e.g.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难之交才是真朋友。3)decide on sth/doing sth.decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。e.g.In the end he decided on buying(=decided to buy)the yellow hat.最后他决定买那顶黄色帽子。③provide,意为“提供,供应”e.g.That hotel provides good meals.那家旅馆供应丰盛的膳食常用于下列结构:provide sb.with sth.提供给某人某物。e.g.The managers provided us with a few computers.经理们给我们提供了几台电脑【温馨提示】provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物e.g.They provided food for the poor他们给穷人们提供了食品。④pick up意为“拾起,捡起;(开车)接人”e.g.Don t worry.I’ll pick you up at the station.别着急,我去车站接你。⑤help sb.out意为“帮助某人摆脱(困境)”。e.g.Li Hong has some trouble in her study.Let’s help her out.李虹学习遇到了困难,让我们帮助她摆脱困境吧。⑥wound,v意为“伤害”;n.意为“创伤,伤口”。e.g.The soldier was wounded in the arm in action.战士在战斗中胳膊受伤了。The wound in his leg has begun to close up.他腿上的伤口开始收口了。【温馨提示】wounded adj意为“受伤的”。the wounded意为“伤员”,作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。e.g.The wounded were taken to a nearby hospital immediately.伤员们被立即送往附近医院。【辨析】hurt,wound,harm三者都有“伤害”之意。hurt既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、情感上的伤害:wound指肉体上的伤害时,主要指刀伤、枪伤、刺伤等;harm可指肉体和精神上的伤害,强调各种消极行为产生的伤害。e.g.What you said hurt her feelings.你说的话伤害了她的感情。Watching TV too much does harm to your eyes.电视看得过多对你的眼睛有伤害。In the battle five soldiers were wounded.在战斗中五位战士受伤了Unit1Topic3SectionC①while在此引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于although,常位于句首。e.g.While I admit that English is a little dificult,I don’t agree that we can’t learn it well.虽然我承认英语有点难，但我不同意学不好英语。[拓展]while可引导时间状语从句，意为“当.....时”，也可作为并列连词意为“然而”，表示对比。e.g.He fell asleep while he was doing his homework.他在做作业时睡着了。Jane likes singing while Maria likes dancing.简喜欢唱歌，而玛丽亚喜欢跳舞。②period意为“时期;周期;课时"e.g.This were many important events in this period.在这一时期发生了许多重大事件。It will take us two periods to grasp the knowledge.我们需要两节课才能掌握这节知识。春节庆祝活动要持续一段时间。③purpose n.意为“意图，目的，目标”e.g.What is the purpose of the meeting?这次会议的目的是什么?[拓展]on purpose意为“故意，有意地”。e.g.He went home late on purpose last night.他昨晚故意很晚回家。④whatever意为“无论什么”，可引导状语从句或名词性从句。1)引导名词性从句。e.g.I will do whatever you wish.我可做任何你想做的事。Whatever she did was right.她做的一切都是对的。2)引导让步状语从句，可改为no matter what。e.g.Whatever(=No matter what)you do,I won’t tell you my secret.无论做什么，我都不会把我的秘密告诉你。⑤raise v.意为“抚养,养育(孩子);饲养(家畜);种植或生产(作物)”。e.g.The Smiths raised three children.史密斯夫妇养育了三个孩子【温馨提示】raise还含有“提起,举起”之意e.g.She raised her hands to greet me.她扬起手跟我打招呼。⑥support.意为“支持,资助,援助”。常用结构:support sb.in sth e.g.I’ll try my best to support you in the work.我将在工作中全力支持你。【拓展】n.give support to sb.给某人提供帮助e.g.Her family and friends have given her lots of support.家人和朋友给了她许多帮助。⑦think of…as..意为“把…视为…,把…看成…”,e.g.I think of her as my best friend.我把她看作是最好的朋友Unit1Topic3SectionD①make contributions/a contribution to sth.doing sth.意为“为….做贡献”e.g.My grandfather has made great contributions to the development of education in the village.爷爷为乡村教育发展做出了巨大贡献。【注意】此短语中的to是介词,其后只能跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。类似的短语有:be/get/become used to习惯于,look forward to期盼,pay attention to注意,stick to坚持,devote..to把…献给②as a result.意为“结果,因此”e.g.The weather changes quickly.As a result,many people fall ill.天气变化很快。结果,很多人生病了。语法精讲现在完成时(III)1.用法:现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态,常与“for+ー段时间”或"since+过去时间点或从句”连用。e.g.Mr Zhang has taught English for more than twenty years.张老师教英语已有20多年了My father has been in Beijing since last month.自上个月以来,爸爸就来北京了。我们第一次见面后就成为好朋友了。2.延续性和非延续性动词:可以持续一段时间的行为过程或状态,这类动词叫延续性动词,如:walk,sing,wait等。与此相反,某些动作一发生马上就结束了,这类动词叫非延续性动词,又叫短暂性动词,如:buy,come,go等。非延续性动词不能和表示一段的时间状语连用,此时,要改成相应的延续性动词或表示状态的短语。常见的如下表:释义非延续性动词延续性动词买buy have借borrow keep成为become be离开leave be away来/去come/go(to)be(in)死亡die be dead结婚marry/get married be married开始begin be on完成finish/end be over参加join be in/be a member of打开open be open关上close be closed穿put on wear到达arrive/get/reach be(in)e.g.I have had this umbrella for a year.=I bought this umbrella a year ago.我买这把伞已有一年了。My uncle has been married for ten years.=My uncle married/got married ten years ago.叔叔结婚已十年了。The movie has been on since twenty minutes ago.=The movie began twenty minutes ago.电影二十分钟前就开始放映了。
