2020年高考英语经典实用 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero要点梳理重点突破新人教版必修1.doc

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必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．quality n．质量；品质；性质2．active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动3．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的→devotion n．奉献4．found vt.建立；建设5．principle n．法则；原则；原理6．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peace n．和平7．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal(反义词)8．hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopeless(反义词)→hope n.&v．希望9．youth n．青年；青年时期10．vote vt.&vi.投票；选举n．投票；选票；表决11．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击12．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.猛烈的，凶暴的13．equal adj.相等的，平等的→equally adv.相等地→equality n．同等，平等14．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的15．escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露16．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育17．beg vi.&vt.请求；乞求18．relative n．亲戚；亲属→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系19．terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrorism n．恐怖主义→terrorist n．恐怖分子20．reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏21．opinion n．意见；看法；主张●重点短语1．out of work失业2．as a matter of fact事实上3．in trouble在危险/受罚/痛苦处境中4．turn to求助于；致力于5．lose heart丧失信心6．come to power当权；上台7．set up设立；建立8．be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)9．worry about担心10．be put into prison被关进监狱11．blow up使充气；爆炸12．fight against对……而战13．go against the law违反法律14．be willing to do sth.乐于干……15．be active in sth.积极从事……●重点句型1．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。2．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……直到那时我们才决定以暴还暴。3．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。●高考范文(2020;2020·山东卷)假设你是李华，曾在美国学习半年，现已回国。你想联系你的美国老师Mr Smith，但没有联系方式。请根据以下要点给你的美国同学Tom写一封信：1．感谢Tom对你英语学习的帮助；2．询问Mr Smith的近况并索要其联系方式；3．邀请Tom在春节期间来中国感受中国文化。注意：1.词数120～150；2.可适当增加细节。[思路点拨]审题可知本题是对书信形式的应用文体的考查。本题要求以李华的名义给美国同学Tom写信，因此本题需要用第一人称，时态主要选用一般现在时；文章应该包括提示要点，并适当增加细节。格式、语言等方面要符合文体要求，论述要点应简明扼要。[范文]Dear Tom，Thank you very much for your kind help when I stayed in America.With your help,my English has improved a lot and my teachers and friends are surprised at my fluent English.How is Mr Smith?I want to know something about his life.I tried to get in touch with him,but unfortunately I don’t have his address and can’t connect with him.Do you have his e－mail address or his telephone number?The Spring Festival is coming.It is an important traditional festival for Chinese,when all the family members get together.It is like Christmas in the Western countries.Would you like to come to feel the Chinese culture?I am sure you will live happily here and learn a lot of funny things.Besides,I can also show you around some places of interest.Best wishes!I’m looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua考点探究互动探究·能力备考Ⅰ.词汇短语过关1．quality n.质量；品质；性质，特征quantity n.数量be of good/bad quality好/坏的品质be of high/poor quality优/劣质extra fine quality特等first－rate quality一等[即学即练1](1)He has a watch_________________.他有只质量好的手表。(2)One______of wood is that it can burn.木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。(3)It’s cheaper to buy goods__________________.购物的量大就便宜一些。of good quality quality in large quantities 2．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于devoted adj.热爱的；忠诚的devoteoneself time one’s life money energy＋tosth.把……用在，doing sth.把……献给sb.be devoted to专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢a devoted friend一位忠实的朋友[即学即练2](1)She devoted her lifetime____________homeless children.她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。(2)His whole life has been devoted____________the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。(3)After he graduated,he continued to______________research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。to helping to studying devote himself to 3．vote vt.&vi.投票，选举n．投票；选票；表决vote for投票赞成vote against投票反对vote on投票表决vote...down投票击败，投票否决vote through投票通过put...to the vote付诸表决，裁决[即学即练3](1)Did you________________________her？你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？(2)He____________the most promising new director.他当选为最有前途的新导演。(3)The plan was passed by 6____________3.这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。vote for or against was voted votes to提示：vote for表示“投票赞同”；vote against表示“投票反对”，类似结构还有“be for/against;fight for/against”。4．equal vt.等于；抵得上adj.相等的；胜任的n.同等/相等的人或物equality n.平等A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B be equal to＋n./doing sth.等于；与……相等；有……的能力(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干be without equal/have no equal无与伦比[即学即练4](1)He equals me______strength but not______intelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同。(2)Are men equal______women______physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？(3)She did not feel equal____________visitors.她觉得自己不适合接待来客。(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player____________in China.在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。in in to in to receiving without equal 5．escape vi.逃脱；逃走vt.避免；免除n．逃跑；逸出；出口escape from从……逃脱，逃走escape＋n./doing sth.避免(做)某事a narrow/near escape死里逃生fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口[即学即练5](1)The bird has_____________its cage.小鸟已从笼中逃掉了。(2)Is the gas____________somewhere?是不是有地方漏气？(3)How can we escape___________/______________？我们怎样才不会被人发现？(4)His name_________me for the moment.我一时想不起他的名字来。escaped from escaping observation being observed escapes 6．reward n.报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳，奖赏rewarding adj.报答的，有益的，值得的as a reward for作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏in reward of为酬谢……；作为奖励reward sb.for sth./doing sth.为(做)某事而报答某人reward sb.with sth.用某物奖赏某人[即学即练6](1)It’s__________________virtue.那是对美德的回报。(2)I don’t expect anything____________；I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。(3)They________the boy______￡5______bringing back the lost dog.他们给了那个男孩五英镑，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。a reward for in reward rewarded with for 7．out of work失业out of business破产；歇业out of control失控out of repair失修out of order有毛病out of date过时out of one’s reach够不着out of danger脱险out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能的out of patience失去耐心out of temper发脾气out of mind心不在焉[即学即练7](1)________________,______________.[谚]眼不见，心不念。(离久情疏。)(2)He’s been__________________for six months.他已经失业六个月了。(3)It is__________________that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重点大学是不成问题的。Out of sight out of mind out of work out of question 8．in trouble处在困难/麻烦中(表状态)get(sb.)into/out of trouble使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)ask/look for trouble找麻烦make trouble闹事；捣乱have trouble in doing sth.做某事有麻烦take the trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦地做某事put sb.to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事[即学即练8](1)My friends always help me out when I am____________(有麻烦时)．(2)Don’t mention my name,or you’ll________________(给我惹麻烦)．(3)They________________________(费心地)find the right person.in trouble get me into trouble took great trouble to 9．lose heart(＝be discouraged)气馁；灰心；泄气lose one’s heart to sth.(＝devote oneself to sth.)把身心投入到……lose one’s heart to sb.(＝fall in love with sb.)喜欢……[即学即练9](1)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader____________.据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长丧失了信心。(2)Don’t____________；all will turn out well.不要失去勇气，一切都会好起来的。lost heart lose heart拓展：put one’s heart into把全部心思放在……have sth.in one’s heart把……放在心上have one’s heart in sth.对某事有兴趣set one’s heart on/upon sth.渴望/热衷于某事learn...by heart记住；背诵take heart振作精神，鼓起勇气10．turn to求助于；致力于turn away拒绝，不准某人入内turn around转身turn down拒绝；调小turn in上交turn off关掉turn on打开turn out赶出；证明是，结果是turn over翻身，翻转turn up露面，出现；开大[即学即练10](1)Nobody seems to understand.I don’t know who to____________.似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。(2)Paul__________________alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保罗借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的问题。(3)The job______________________than we thought.这份工作结果比我们想像的更难。(4)Why did she____________your invitation?她为什么拒绝你的邀请？turn to turned to drinking turned out(to be)harder turn down 11．set up设立；建立[即学即练11]写出下列各句中set up的意思。(1)They set up a notice on the wall._________(2)They set up a committee to investigate the matter.__________(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games.____________张贴建立创(纪录)拓展：set about开始做，着手set aside使分离；留出；拔出；不理会set back推迟，阻碍set down记下；写下；规定set off引起爆炸；动身出发；引起set out动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列Ⅱ.重点句型详解1．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到那时我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only修饰的时间、条件和方式状语，为了强调而提到句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。only如修饰从句而提到句首，主句要部分倒装。①Only at that time did he realize that he had made a mistake.直到那时他才意识到自己犯的错误。②Only by practising a few hours every day will you be able to master English.只有通过每天练习几个小时你才能掌握英语。③Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.只有用上你全部的时间和精力你才能把这项工作做好。④Only when I came back was I informed of the news.直到我回来，我才被通知这个消息。⑤Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to college.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上大学。提示：(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：×Only after the war learned he the sad news.√Only after the war did he learn the sad news.(2)only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：×Only when did he return did we find out the truth.√Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：×Only can he answer the question.√Only he can answer the question.[即境活用1](2020;2020·江苏)______you eat the correct food______be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A．Only if;will youB．Only if;you will C．Unless;will you D．Unless;you will解析：“only＋if从句”放于句首，主句用部分倒装。答案：A 2．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的感觉很不好。the first time相当于连词，引导一个状语从句，意为“第一次”。这类特殊短语还有：(1)each time,every time,next time,last time,any time等也可以做连词用，表示“无论何时”“每当”“每次”等，引导一个时间状语从句。Every time we come to Beijing,we go to visit the Forbidden City.每次我们去北京，我们都去参观故宫。I didn’t have any penny last time I saw you.上次我看见你时，我身无分文。(2)immediately,directly,instantly可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那个年轻人一听到声响就冲出了大厅。(3)the moment,the minute,the second,the instant等名词短语也可用做连词，也相当于as soon as，表示“一……就……”。The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform,the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.王教授一出现在讲台上，听众就站起来热烈鼓掌。(4)the morning/afternoon/evening,the night,the day,the week,the year,the spring/summer/autumn/winter等一些表示时间段的名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句。The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake,he met an old friend.那天早晨史密斯先生在湖边散步时遇到了一位老朋友。[即境活用2]______I toured Zhangjiajie,I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.A．For the first time B．At first C．It was the first time D．The first time解析：the first time用做连词，引导时间状语从句。答案：D易错点拨自我完善·误区备考1.reward/award/prize(1)reward指对某人的服务或工作等的报答，也指因帮助警察抓住罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的奖金、酬金。(2)award指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的多少。(3)prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的“奖，奖品”。[应用1](1)She received a medal as a______for her courage.她得到一枚奖章，作为对她勇敢的奖赏。(2)A______was given to the person who had the winning number.奖品给了那个获得中奖号码的人。(3)He won the______for the best student of the year.他获得本年度优秀学生奖。reward prize award 2.名词短语或副词做连词，引导时间状语从句[应用2](1)Betty shows great interest in this poem now,but she thought it boring______she read it.A．at the first time B．the first time C．for the first time D．at first答案：B解析：the first time“第一次时”，引导时间状语从句。(2)My sister came______she got my short message.A．exactly B．especially C．directly D．simply答案：C解析：directly＝as soon as“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。(3)He left Europe______World WarⅡbroke out.A．the year B．in the year C．during the year D．for the year答案：A解析：the year“在……这一年”，引导时间状语从句。高效作业自我测评·技能备考Ⅰ.单词拼写1．He was made______________(董事长)of the club.2．He is the sort of man to be trusted because he always lives up to his_______________(原则)．3．His effort was_____________(回报)with great success.4．Most children in cities are better__________(教育)than those in the countryside.5．He was____________(判刑)to death.president principle rewarded educated sentenced 6．She cried in t__________when she saw a snake.7．Black people are born e______to the whites so they should share the same rights as them.8．This company is more concerned with q________than with quantity.9．He is s_________and he is always thinking of himself.10．In my o__________，we should put off the sports meeting.terror equal quality selfish opinionⅡ.单项选择1．As______matter of fact,______beauty of______nature there made an excellent impression on me.A．a;the;/B．a;the;the C．the;the;/D．a;/;the答案：A解析：考查冠词。as a matter of fact实际上，事实上；nature指“大自然”，不用冠词。2．The police______roadblocks on routes out of the city to prevent the criminal from escaping.A．set up B．set back C．set down D．set aside答案：A解析：set up“建立，设立”合题意。set back阻碍；set down写下，记下；set aside留下。3．(2020;2020·临川一中)Although______my opinion,the old professor didn’t come up with his own.A．in B．against C．for D．on答案：B解析：考查介词用法。语意：虽然老教授反对我的观点，但是他也没有提出自己的观点。前半句是“Although he was against my opinion”的省略结构。4．—Did you give the book to him?—Yes.I gave it to him______I saw him.A．once B．the moment C．while D．suddenly答案：B解析：the moment用做连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。5．They agreed to the plan______，but there were some details they didn’t like.A．in danger B．in peace C．in principle D．in common答案：C解析：考查介词短语。in principle“原则上，大体上”合题意。in danger危险；in peace和平；in common和……一样。6．Courage is one of the best______of a good soldier.A．quality B．quantity C．qualification D．feature答案：A解析：指“品质”用quality。B.数量；C.资格；D.特色，特征。7．Mr Read made up his mind to devote all he had to______some schools for poor children.A．set up B．have set up C．setting up D．having set up答案：C解析：句中的all后面的he had为定语从句，此题考查动词短语devote...to的用法。to为介词，排除A、B两项。set up schools的动作并未发生，排除D项。8．Fitness is important in sport,but of at least______importance are skills.A．fair B．reasonable C．equal D．proper答案：C解析：be of equal importance具有同等的重要性。9．You were lucky to escape______.A．punished B．from punishing C．being punished D．from being punished答案：C解析：escape being punished＝escape punishment逃过受罚。10．(2020;2020·宜昌模拟)It is said that the police have offered a large______for information leading to the robber’s arrest.A．award B．prize C．reward D．welfare答案：C解析：指“奖赏、酬金”用reward。11．In 2020;2020,3.88 million students graduated from colleges and universities,______20%increase from 2020;2020,some of whom remain out of______work.A．/;/B．a;/C．a;the D．the;/答案：B解析：第一空表示“一个20%的增长率”用a；第二空out of work“失业”。12．When______great trouble,you should learn to make the quick choice without someone to turn______for advice.A．in;down B．in;to C．into;up D．under;to答案：B解析：考查固定搭配。in trouble处在困难中；turn to sb.for sth.向某人请求某物/事。13．Only______as an interpreter______how important it was to practise speaking English.A．when I worked;I realized B．when did I work;did I realize C．when I work;did I realize D．when I worked;did I realize答案：D解析：当only出现在句首修饰时间状语从句时，主句应使用部分倒装。14.The old man told us not to remain______there was danger.A．in which B．the place where C．at the place D．where答案：D解析：考查where引导的地点状语从句，此时不能换成in which，相当于at the place where/in which。15．______，and Charles felt hopeless.A．Sentenced to death B．As he was sentenced to death C．Sentencing to death D．He was sentenced to death答案：D解析：考查句式用法。由于有连词and，故选D。Ⅲ.完形填空When I was young,I really doubted whether there was love between my parents.Every day they were busy earning money so that they could__1__the high tuition my brother and I needed.They didn’t__2__in the romantic ways that I read in books or saw on TV.One day,Mom was sewing a quilt(被子).I__3__sat down beside her.“Mom,I have a__4__here，”I said after a while.“Is there love between you and Dad？”I asked her in a very__5__voice.Mom stopped her work and raised her head with__6__in her eyes.She didn’t answer immediately.She bent her head and continued to sew the quilt.I was__7__if I had hurt her.I was in great embarrassment and I was at a loss what to do.But at last she said,very__8__,“Susan,look at this__9__.Sometimes it appears,but most of it disappears in the quilt.The thread really makes the quilt strong and lasting.If__10__is a quilt,then love should be a thread.It can hardly be seen,but it’s really there.__11__is inside.”I listened carefully but I couldn’t understand her until years later.One day,Dad accidentally got__12__while on duty.Ever since then he could no longer__13__properly.Every morning and dusk Mom would help Dad walk slowly on the country road.Along the country road,there were beautiful flowers,green grass and trees.The leaves were gently glistening__14__the sun shining upon them.All of these made up the most beautiful__15__in the world.“Dad,how are you feeling now？”I asked him one day.“Susan,don’t worry about me，”he said gently.“I just like walking with your mom.I like this kind of life.”Looking into his eyes,I__16__what they meant.The doctor had said Dad would__17__in two months.But that day never came.He__18__away in peace.__19__I thought love meant flowers,gifts and sweet kisses.But from this__20__,I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life,which makes life strong and warm...1．A.afford B．cost C．spend D．offer 2．A.go B．live C．act D．walk 3．A.happily B．silently C．secretly D．nervously 4．A.request B．problem C．message D．question 5．A.loud B．light C．low D．clear 6．A.surprise B．anger C．stress D．horror 7．A.amazed B．confused C．shocked D．ashamed 8．A.quickly B．excitedly C．bitterly D．gently 9．A.quilt B．needle C．thread D．sewing 10．A.belief B．work C．experience D．life 11．A.Warmth B．Thread C．Cotton D．Love 12．A.tired B．drunk C．ill D．injured 13．A.talk B．walk C．work D．think 14．A.with B．as C．for D．by 15．A.signs B．symbols C．pictures D．reflections 16．A.read B．doubted C．translated D．recognized 17．A.retire B．recover C．regain D．remove 18．A.passed B．escaped C．faded D．turned 19．A.Again B．Once C．Then D．Later 20．A.lesson B．account C．experience D．accident答案及解析：1.A。句意为：“他们忙着挣钱，以便能够支付我和我的弟弟需要的高昂学费。”afford和can/could连用表示“付得起钱或抽得出时间”。2．C。句意为：“他们没有按照我在书中读到的或在电视中看到的浪漫的方式做事。act做事，行事。3.B。由于作者有一个严肃的问题想问母亲，所以她静静地坐在母亲旁边。4.D。从后文的问句可知答案从B或D中选择。考查question和problem的区别。对于让对方回答的问题要用question。5.C。由于这个问题很严肃，所以作者只能用低低的声音问。6.A。作者的母亲没有想到作者会问这样的一个问题，所以刚听到的时候母亲眼中充满了惊奇。7.B。从后句中的“我很尴尬和我不知道要做什么”，我们可以知道作者不知道自己是否伤害了母亲，所以该空用confused表示“困惑的，不清楚的”。8.D。过了一会儿，母亲语气柔和地说道。在这样一个充满温情的情景中，说话的声音自然是很轻很柔和的。9.C。根据语境知道是指线，有时露出被子，有时隐藏在被子中。10.D。后文的句子I just like walking with your mom.I like this kind of life.暗示答案用life，作者把生活比喻为被子。11.D。文章讲的是父母之间是否有爱，所以用love。爱是内在的，是用实际行动来灌溉的。12.D。get injured受伤。13.B。由下文中的help Dad walk slowly on the country road可知父亲受伤后不能正常地到处行走。14.A。考查with复合结构，在该句中用with复合结构表示伴随。15.C。落叶和母亲搀扶父亲行走的画面构成了世界上最美丽的图画。16.A。read可以做“理解，读懂”，如：read one’s thought等。17.B。recover受伤后的恢复健康。18.A。从前句中的but可知父亲没有恢复健康，而是平静地离开了人世。pass away去世。19.B。过去作者认为爱意味着鲜花等，但是现在作者理解了爱的真正含义，所以答案为B。20.C。从这次经历中作者明白了爱的真正含义。Ⅳ.短文改错Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years.It came sudden and went on for over three hours.After lunch,I 1.______went into my room to have a rest.The air was hotter,and 2.______all is quiet.Then a strong wind started to blow into my 3.______room.Pieces of paper on my desk flew high into the air 4.______and some flew out the open window.As I ran out to catch 5.______sudden→suddenly hotter→hot out→out of√is→was them,big drop of rain began to fall.When I came back 6.______into house,it was raining harder and harder.I tried 7.______very hard to close the window.Then I heard a loudly 8._____________crashing(碰撞的)sound from the back of the house.When I ran 9.______out to find that a big tree had fallen down and broke the 10.______top of the back room.drop→drops house前加the loudly→loud去掉When broke→broken。