英语语法：不定式的句法功能.docx

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英语语法：不定式的句法功能1、不定式作主语。To smoke so mush is not very good foryou.你抽那么多烟不好。To stay up late is bad for your health.熬夜对你的健康不好。注：当代英语常用it作为语法上的主语，即形式主语，将真实主语不定式放在谓语之后。如上两句可改为：It is not good for you to smoke so mush.It is bad for your health to stay uplate.2、不定式作宾语①有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语这些动词有want想要，wish希望，like喜欢，decide决定，help帮助，pledge保证，begin开始，forget忘记，learn学习，ask要求等等。动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语。He wants to be an English teacher.他想做个英语教师。I decided to learn Japanese next month.②动词不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。这些形容词通常有eager急于，anxious急于，ready准备好/愿意，此外，也可以包括sure一定，glad高兴，pleased高兴，sorry难过，afraid怕,free随意，determined决心，able能够，willing愿意等。These little children are eager to learnhow to play the piano.这些小孩子们渴望学会弹钢琴。I am sure to succeed.我肯定会成功的。③动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。I have no choice but to stay here.除了待在这儿我别无选择。He did nothing last Sunday but repair hisbike.上周六他除了修理自行车什么也没有干。3、不定式作表语。His dream is to be a doctor.他梦想做一名医生。His teaching aim of this class is totrain the students’speaking ability.他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。4、不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语时，必须放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：①动宾关系。I have a meeting to attend.我要去参加一个会议。Children have nothing to worry about.孩子们无忧无虑的。They have no place to live.他们没有地方可住。②说明所修饰名词的内容。This is the best way to work out thisproblem.这是解决这个问题的最好方法。We have made a plan to finish the work.我们制定了一个计划完成这项工作。③被修饰名词是不定式的逻辑主语。Our monitor is the first to arrive.我们班长是第一个到的。5、不定式作状语。动词不定式作状语时，一般放在它所修饰的动词之后。①表目的：He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.他去上海看望他的父母。To make himself heard,he raised hisvoice.为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。②表原因：She burst into laughter to see his funnyaction.看到他那滑稽的动作她大笑起来。The boy was shocked to see thefrightening scene.看到这种令人恐惧的场景这个男孩惊呆了。③表结果：The old woman left home,never to returnagain.这个老妇人离开了家，再也没有回来。在结果状语从句中，常在不定式前用only表示强调：I hurried home only to find my boyfriendhad already left.我匆忙赶到家中，发现我男朋友已经走了。④表程度：It’s too dark for us to see anything.天太黑了，我们看不见任何东西。The question is simple for him to answer.对他来说回答这个问题是小菜一碟。6、动词不定式作独立成分。We can’t go.To begin with,it’s too cold.我们不能去。首先，天太冷了。To cut a long story short,!decided toleave you.简而言之，我决定离开你。