可数名词和不可数名词英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物，它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数，可以数出数量的事物；所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。可数名词在他之前可以加上冠词a/an。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接家冠词的。可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化规律：a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。
b．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；读音：[iz]。
c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；读音：[z]。
d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。
e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es读音：[z]如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes potato-potatoes 2)无生命的+s读音：[z]如：photo-photos radio-radios f.不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people。除此之外，还有一部分名词单复数同形，如：fish鱼，deer鹿，sheep绵羊，works（工厂），means手段，Swiss瑞士人，Chinese中国人，news新闻，goods商品有一些名词则只有复数形式：trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤glasses眼镜，compasses圆规，scales天平，pliers钳子，clips剪子“某国人”的复数有三种类型：（1）Chinese,Japanese,Swiss三国人单数复数同形，不需加s；（2）Englishman,Frenchman,Dutchman复数要把man变为men；（3）其他各国人以–an,-ian收尾的均直接加s。如：Americans,Australians,Indians等。可依照这个口诀记忆：中日不变，英法变，其他”s”加后面。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般需要将其量化。不可数名词如何量化：就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”，比如：a piece of bread（paper(纸),cloth(布),coal(煤),news(新闻),advice(意见),information(信息),,meat(肉)）an item of information一则情报a slip of paper一张纸条a length of cloth一段布料a cake of soap一块肥皂a tube of tooth-paste一条牙膏a bottle of ink一瓶墨水等。当量词可数，且前面的数词大于一时，量词需要用复数形式，如two bottles of water两瓶水two pieces of paper两张纸等；同时，可数名词也有相应用法，如：a box of apples一箱苹果six boxes of apples六箱苹果等。学过的不可数名词有：broccoli,orange,ice-cream,salad,chicken,milk,work,rice,bread,hair,homework,money,news,food,fun,health,ice,luck,music,nature,paper,pleasure,rain,snow,time,water,weather,wind,等。不可数名词：a piece of news a good piece of news a bad piece of news.An exciting piece of news much newspaper two pieces of information a set of furniture much machinery a lot of jewellery enough chalk three pieces of bread much homework a lot of work much experience a bar of chocolate a stick of candy a cake of soap a bowl of soup a mouthful of rice a spoonful of sugar a handful of sand a cup of coffee a grain of rice a sum of money a block of ice a box of chalk a glass of milk a basin of water an article of clothing a suit of clothes much food enough money a box of gold a pile of sand four sheets of paper five bottles of wine a glass of juice a bottle of jam a bowl of soup a grain of rice a sum of money a block of ice常用不可数名词bread面包beer啤酒cloth布coffee咖啡cream奶油dust尘土gin杜松子酒glass玻璃gold黄金ice冰jam果酱oil油paper纸sand沙soap肥皂stone石头tea茶water水juice饮料wine葡萄酒wood木头advice忠告／主意beauty美丽，漂亮courage勇气death死亡experience经验fear担心help帮助hope希望horror恐惧information消息／信息knowledge知识mercy仁慈pity同情relief救济suspicion猜疑work工作baggage行李camping露营damage损害furniture家具luggage行李parking停车shopping购物weather气候只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:much,a great deal of,a great/large amount of等。记住这十个词，人称雷打不动的十大金刚：advice,news,information,progress,work.fun,weather,music,health,luck。在使用这些词时，不管其前面有多少修饰语，其前一定不要用不定冠词a或an。一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker,farmer,desk,factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat,rice,water,milk,orange等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work,homework,time,health,friendship等)。二、可数名词的家务事可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1.一般的名词词尾直接加-s。如：book→booksroom→rooms house→housesday→days 2.以s,ss,ch,sh,x结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如：bus→busesglass→glasses watch→watches dish→dishesbox→boxes 3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city→citiesbody→bodies factory→factories等等。4.以f或fe结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half→halvesleaf→leaves knife→kniveswife→wives 5.特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。]①child→children②man→menwoman→women policeman→policemen(规律：man→men)③tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes[悄悄话：初中英语以o结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo→photos]④foot→feettooth→teeth[悄悄话：oo变成ee。]⑤sheep,Chinese,Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。]⑥people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。三、不可数名词的家务事1.不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thefoodisveryfresh.食品很新鲜。2.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：water(水)→waters(水域)orange(橘汁)→oranges(橘子)3.很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如：fruit→fruitsfood→foods fish→fisheshair→hairs名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词。在句子中可数名词要么前边加冠词，要么用其复数形式。名词的复数通常加s，但以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词es；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词把“y”变成“i”，再加es。不规则名词的复数有其特殊形式。物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。名词有主格(作主语)、宾格(作宾语)和属格(表示所属关系)。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词，它们有其基本用法和特殊用法。数词分为基数词、序数词和分数词，数词与名词在实际运用中要呼应。名词的数一、可数名词1.可数名词有单复数之分。在句中，名词的单数形式前边要有冠词或表示单数的限定词，否则就要用其复数形式。名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾s、es，或将y改为i再加es。但如果名词前边有表示单数的冠词或表示单数的限定词，就不能用其复数形式2.有少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，child→children,man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese,mouse→mice,ox→oxen 3.英语里还有些名词的单复数变化较为特殊，需特别注意analysis→analyses,bacterium→bacteria,basis→bases,crisis→crises,criterion→criteria,datum→data,formula→formulae(或formulas),fungus→fungi,phenomenon→phenomena,syllabus→syllabi,thesis→theses 4.有些名词的单复数是一样的：aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,deer,fish,Japanese,means,series,species等。5.如果前边有表示复数的限定词时名词用其复数形式6.在形容词最高级中，表示范围的of后要用名词复数形式7.有些集体名词在形式上是单数如people(人民，人们)，police(警察)，cattle(牲畜)，staff(全体人员，全体职员)，但它们表达复数的含意。如果这些词做主语，其谓语须用复数形式。8.hair和fruit一般情况下用单数，表示总体。但如果我们要表示若干根头发或几种水果时，就要用这两个词的复数形式eg:He bought apples,oranges and other fruits.(“fruits”在此处意为“多种水果”)另外还要注意：police和cattle的谓语形式总是用复数形式。9.名词做定语时，不能用作复数二、不可数名词1.不可数名词为物质名词和抽象名词，如information,proverty,advice,anger,applause,baggage,cake,chalk,chocolate,cloth(布),bread,damage(损害),equipment,fruit,furniture,gold,information,ink,jewellery,luggage,mail(邮件),money,news,paper,protection,soap,sugar,weaponry,machinery,scenery,personnel,work等注：不可数名词可以与表示量的可数名词连用，借以表示“可数”的概念，我们可以加a(n)piece［sheet(张),suit(套),tube(管),packet(包),item(条，则),bar(条),basket(篮子),glass(杯),bunch(束),pair(双，对),bowl(碗),portion(份),herd(群),series(系列),shower(阵)etc.］，如：a piece of advice(一条建议)／a basket of fruit(一篮水果)／an item of information(一则信息)／a kind of protection(一种保护)等。不可数名词前一般不需要加定冠词，永远不能加不定冠词！例如下列用法均属错误：the mathematics the banking a cloth an equipment不可数名词作主语，谓语要用单数形式。如：Water is important.但如果不可数名词前面被piece,drop,set等词修饰时，谓语应该与piece,drop,set等的单复数形式保持一致例如：Few drops of water are needed to save the flower.下面是典型的不可数名词，是应该熟记的！！air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electricity,energy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,garbage,grass,hair,furniture,luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,paper,glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness,kindness,honesty,friendship,attention,wisdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work,homework,population,percent,mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,architecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics,genetics,geology,geography,chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics,obsterics请特别注意其中以－s结尾的不可数名词，大家平时应该积累遇到的不可数名词！！注意下列可数名词！！poet poem essay newspaper machine weapon scene photograph photographer英语中有许多名词既可作可数，又可作不可数。如:hair作“人或动物的毛”的时候是可数名词，作头发解释时是不可数名词。判断一个词是否可数，除了记忆以外，主要看题中该名词的修饰词来决定。如：much只能修饰不可数名词可数名词不可数名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep二、选择填空1、There on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos 2.This car made in Shanghai.A.is B.are C.were D.has 3.There are four and two in the group.A.Japanese,Germen B Japaneses,Germen C.Japanese,German C.Japanese,Germans 4.That’s art book.A.an B.a C.the D are 5.The boys have got already.A.two bread B.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread 6.The old man wants.A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple C.six box of apples D.six boxs of apples 7.There some in the river.A.is,fish B.are,fishs C.is,fishs D.are,fish 8.There two in the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches 9.We should clean twice a day.A.our tooth B.our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.The_____meeting room is near the reading room.A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’D.teachers 11.In Britain_____are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 12.There are_____birds in that big tree.A.hundreds of B.five hundreds of C.five hundred of D.hundred of用所给名词的适当形式填空。1.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?2.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.3.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.4.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.5.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.6.Let’stake________(photo),OK?7.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here.8.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.9.The________(child)areplayinggames ontheplaygroundnow.10.Their________(dictionary)looknew.11.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).12.Theyare________(woman)doctors.13.Canyougivemesomebottlesof____(orange),please?14.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.15.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamverythirsty.参考答案：1.sheep2.food3.teeth4.water5.people6.photos7.tomatoes8.leaves9.children10.dictionaries11.hair,hairs12.women13.orange14.foxes15.juice。
