2021年陕西省榆林市公共英语五级(笔试)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________一、1.Listening Comprehension(15题)1.听力原文：M：Have you settled in?W：Yes，I feel myself quite at home now．I haven’t got used to the food yet but I’m enjoying the life on campus．M：Good．Now we’d better make sure you enjoy your studies．We offer a very wide range of options on the foundation course，as you know，but you can only take six courses．Do you know what you want to do yet?W：Yes，more or less：but I’m not sure whether to do biological sciences or German．M：Well，that’s quite a difference．Let’s see…you’ve selected to do：physical sciences，basic electronics，art and design，CAD…that’s computer aided design and English．W：Yes，five courses．M：That’s quite a range．Don’t you want to do maths or computer programming，for example?W：Well,I’m interested in electronics in computers especially in writing computer games．I’d like to produce educational software，educational games，eventually．I’ve taught myself a lot of programming and I was good at maths．I don’t think I need either of them．M：Then．why did you choose to do an and design?W：Well．that will be good for my graphics．I need that to produce games…CAD．too．I’ve never done computer aided design before．M：No…right…they’ve got some powerful packages in the computer graphics and CAD offices…you’ll enjoy that．So…that leaves English．It’s mostly English literature．I know your English is all right．But as a first year student．you’ll have to take the Cambridge Proficiency Test．W：All fight．Who is the man?A.Student advisor.B.Course teacher.C.Admissions officer.D.Department secretary.2.How high are the mountains in Norweija?A.Two thousand feet.B.Twelve thousand feet.C.Twenty thousand feet.D.Twenty-two thousand feet.3.Who did the people usually give letters to after the English colonists just arrived at America?4.What will the class do now?A.Hear another report.B.Discuss one of Emily Dickinson’s poems.C.Hear a lecture given by the teacher.D.Discuss poems they have written themselves.5.Chains don’t produce their own course book material.A.True B.Fasle 6.Dr.Mann is now in Cambridge,writing a book on the______.7.Part A Directions:You will hear a talk.As you listen,answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE.You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE.You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10.听力原文：Every year there are reports of people dying as the result of extremely hot weather.Many of the victims are old persons,whose hearts or breathing systems decline.But many die from lack of water.Water is necessary for life and good health.We often forget this fact when we think about the other building blocks of life such as vitamins,minerals and proteins.We can live for many days without eating,but two or three days without water usually leads to death.The human body may look solid,but most of it is water.New born babies are as much as 85%water.Women are about 65%water and men about 75%.Women usually have less water than men because women,in general,have more fat cells,and fat cells hold less water than other kinds of cells.Water does many different things to keep us healthy.It carries hormones,antibodies and foods through the body,and carries away waste materials.That is why different parts of the body contain different amounts of water.For example,blood is 83%water,muscles are 75%water,the brain is 74%,and bones are 25%,.Water is also necessary for cooling the body under hot weather and when we are working hard or exercising.Water carries body heat to the surface of the skin,where the heat is lost through perspiration.Researchers say cool liquids cool us faster than warm liquids,because cold liquids take up more heat inside the body and carry it away faster.They say,however,that cold sweet drinks do not work well because the sugar slows the liquid from getting into the blood-stream.Researchers also note that fat cells block body heat from escaping quickly.Fat cells under the skin act like warm clothing to keep body heat inside.This is why overweight people have a more easy time staying cool than thin people.The body loses water every day through perspiration and urine.If we lose too much,we will become sick.A 10%drop in body water can cause the blood system to fail.A 15%~20%drop usually leads to death.To replace what is lost,health experts say growing persons should drink about 2 liters of liquids each day,and more in hot weather.They say we can also get some of the water we need in the foods we eat.Most fruits and vegetables are more than 80%water.Meats are 50%~60%water.And even bread is about 33%water.Water may be one of the most simple of all chemical substances,but it is the most important substance that we put into our bodies.Water is a kind of chemical substance.A.True B.Fasle 8.Where is Low Till Farming becoming popular?A.In areas with few weeds and unwanted plants.B.In areas with a severe shortage of water.C.In areas lacking in chemical fertilizer.D.In areas dependent on imported food.9.The changes in the U.S.A.in the 1960s began with the______Right Movement.10.What did Europeans mink of potatoes?11.Calories,natural food,mountains and the distance from modem cities are the only common things in the three regions.A.Right B.Wrong 12.What is the characteristic of specialty goods?A.They are goods that can be bought at a special price．B.They are special kinds of products．C.They are characterized in their brands．D.They need special efforts to get．13.Part A Directions:You will hear a talk.As you listen,answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE.You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE.You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10.听力原文：W：Come in,please.M：Good morning,Dr.Wilson.W：Good morning,Wang.How nice to meet you again.Take a seat…why don’t you,please.When did you get to the university?M：I arrived yesterday.W：Well…are you living in the college?M：No,I am with an English family…actually…because I want to improve my speaking.W：Oh,fine.Right,did you take a language proficiency test before you came?M：Yes.Uhh…my Overall Band is 6,but…unfortunately my speaking score is only 5.W：OK,you know,here in this university,you have to take our own English test before you attend any lectures.So,first of au．what we’ve got to do is,we have to make an arrangement for the test date.Umm…will tomorrow be all fight for you?M：Yeah,I have time tomorrow morning.W：Good,then．Tomorrow at ten.I don’t think the test will be any problem for you.Now,let’s make sure you make good use of your time here.Let’s put it like this.What exactly do you want to accomplish in the next 12 months?M：I’m interested in computer language translation,I mean,from English to Chinese and Chinese to English.I’ll try,if possible,to produce software or a device which can serve as an interpreter.W：Yes,could you be a bit more specific about…er…the device?M：For instance,when you talk to the device in English it will translate your words into Chinese and vice versa.W：Uhuh…do you mean it’ll be as competent as…er…a human interpreter?M：Yes…well,I’ll let it deal with general situations,at least.W：Fascinating…and how big will the device itself be,do you think?M：The size of a cigarette pack,I think.So people can put it in their pocket.W：Really?Well,that could be a Ph.D project.Tell me what you have done so far.M：In my four years of undergraduate study,I studied electronics,advanced mathematics,hardware designing,some computer languages and program writing.W：Yes,but have you done any practical jobs?I mean,have you written any programs for practical use?M：I had been involved in a project for CAD in a shipyard.W：Computer aided design.That was probably a good experience,but,unfortunately,it may not help your present project much.Are you familiar with the C-language?M：No.W：Uhuh…the phonetic processing system,do you know how such a system works?M：What do you mean by“phonetic processing system”?W：Well,you know,English is spoken by different people with different accents.Your English accent is different from mine,and of course mine is not the same as my colleagues.So as I see it．your device would have to be able to recognise and understand different accents.M：Oh,I see.I think I can learn the C-language and the phonetic processing system here.W：Well,that’s probably true,but you’ve got only twelve months and you want a degree,don’t you?M：Yes.W：OK,so there’re two ways of studying for a degree here.You either take six courses,pass their exams and have your dissertation accepted or the other way is you do some research work and submit your project report.M：I think I’ll take the second way.W：Fine,but are you sure you call finish your project in twelve months?M：I don’t know.but I can work twelve hours per day and seven days per week.W：Well,I’d suggest you spend some time in our library,trying to find out what other students have done before and perhaps reconsider your own project,to some extent.You might narrow your research area,concentrating on solving one or two major problems.And,it’d be a good idea to talk to your colleagues in the lab,first.Anyway,I’m sure we can work out something good.Shall I see y A.Right B.Wrong 14.Judging by the extraordinarily warm clothes some people wear,what might we learn about them?A.They may be homesick and feel insecure.B.They are either cold or very sick.C.They may try to attract other people’s attention.D.They want to protect themselves from physical injuries.15.Where could the boats find the letters at Cape Horn?二、2.Use of English(10题)16.【C6】17.(39)18."The more gadgets there are,the【31】______things seem to get."said Honore Ervin,co-author of The Etiquette Girls:Things You Need to Be Told-"Just because it’s there【32】______your disposal,doesn’t mean you have to use it 24/7."A recent【33】______by market research company Synovate showed that 70 percent of 1,000 respondents【34】______the poorest etiquette in cell phone users over other devices.The worst habit?Loud phone conversations in public places,or"cell yell,"【35】______to 72 percent of the Americans polled."People use【36】______anywhere and everywhere,"Ervin said."At the movies-turn【37】______your cell phone.I don’t want to pay$10 to be sitting next to some guy chitchatting to his girlfriend【38】______his cell phone."This rudeness has deteriorated public spaces,according to Lew Friedland,a communication professor【39】______the University of Wisconsin-Madison.He【40】______the lack of manners a kind of unconscious rudeness,【41】______many people are not【42】______of what they’re doing or the others around them."I think it’s really noticeable in any plane,train or bus【43】______you’re subjected against your will【44】______someone else’s conversation,"he said."You can listen to intimate details of their uncle’s illness,problems with their lovers and【45】______they’re having for sinner.""It【46】______what was a public common space and starts to【47】______it up into small private space."A short time ago,if cell phone users【48】______politely asked to talk quietly,they would【49】with chagrin,he said."Now more and more people are essentially treating you like you don’t understand that loud cell phone use is【50】______in public."(31)19.【C19】20.【C20】21.(34)22.(50)23.Recent surveys show that Japanese youth have become a"Me Generation"that rejects traditional values."Around 1980 many Japanese,【C1】______young people abandoned the values of economic success and began【C2】______for new sets of values to【C3】______them happiness,"writes sociologist Yasuhiro in Comparative Civilizations Review.Japanese youth are placing more importance on the individual’s pursuit of【C4】______and less on the values of work,family,and society.Japanese students seem to be losing patience with work,【C5】______their counterparts in the United States and Korea.In a 1993【C6】______of college students in the three countries,only 10%of the Japanese regarded【C7】______as a primary value compared with 47%of Korean students and 27%of American students.A greater【C8】______of Japanese aged 18—24 also preferred easy jobs【C9】______heavy responsibility.The younger Japanese are showing less concern for family values as they pursue an inner world of private satisfaction.Data collected【C10】______the Japanese government in 1993 shows that only 23%of Japanese youth are thinking about supporting their aged parents,in contrast【C11】______63%of young Americans.It appears that many younger-generation Japanese are【C12】______both respect for their parents【C13】______a sense of responsibility to the family.Author Yoshizaki attributes the change【C14】______Japanese parents!over-indulgence of their children,material affluence,and growing【C15】______for private matters.The shift【C16】______individualism among Japanese is most pronounced among【C17】______very young.According to 1991 data【C18】______the Bunka Center of Japan,50%of Japanese youth aged 16—19 can be labeled"self-centered"compared with 33%among【C19】______aged 25-29.To earn the self-centered label,the young people responded positively to【C20】______ideas as"I would like to make decisions without considering traditional values"and"I don’t want to do anything I can’t enjoy doing."【C1】24.(38)25.【C2】三、3.Reading Comprehension(15题)26.The word"fib"in the fourth sentence of Paragraph 5,probably means______.A.to tell the truth B.to reduce C.to increase D.to tell a small lie 27.Part A Directions:Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Opinion polls are now beginning to show that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to stay.This means we shall have to make ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further.We must ask some primary questions about the future of work.Would we continue to treat employment as the norm?Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work?Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves,rather than for an employer?Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood,as well as the factory and the office,as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form.of jobs.The industrial age may now be coming to an end,and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed.This seems a daunting thought.But,in fact,it could provide the prospect of a better future for work.Universal employment,as its history shows,has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land,and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves.Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes.Later,as transportation improved,first by rail and then by road,people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until,eventually,many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they lived.Meanwhile,employment put women at a disadvantage.In pre-industrial time,men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community.Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment.leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered.As employment became the dominant form.of work,young people and old people were excluded—a problem now,as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change.The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all,to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that______.A.available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population B.new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures C.available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployed D.the nowaday high unemployment figures are a truth of life 28.Part B Directions:In the following article some paragraphs have been removed.For Questions 66-70,choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered gaps.There is one paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.In the following article some paragraphs have been removed.For Questions 66～70,choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A～F to fit into each of the numbered gaps.There is one paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.It was a moment most business executives would pause to savor:late last year,German sporting goods pioneer Adidas learned that after years of declining market share,the company had sprinted past U.S.Reebok International to take the second place behind Nike in the race for worldwide sales.But Robert Louis-Dreyfus,the rumpled Frenchman who now runs Adidas,and didn’t even stop for one of his trademark Havana cigars in celebration,worried that the company would grow complacent.Instead,he and a group of friends bought French soccer club Olympic de Marseille"Now that’s something I have dreamed about since I was a kid."Louis-Dreyfus says with an adolescent grin.66.______With sales in the first three quarters of 1996 at$2.5 billion,up a blithering 30.7%over 1995,it’s hard to recall the dismal shape Adidas was in when Louis-Dreyfus took over as chairman in April 1993.Founded in 1920 by Adi Dassler,the inventor of the first shoes designed especially for sports,the company enjoyed a near monopoly in athletic shoes until an upstart called Nike appeared in the 1970s and rode the running fad to riches.By the early 1990s Adidas had come under the control of French businessman Bernard Tapie,who was later jailed for bribing three French soccer players.Although the company tried to spruce up its staid image with a team of American designers,Adidas lost more than$100 million in 1992,prompting the French banks that had acquired control of the company from Tapie to begin a desperate search for a new owner.67.______The poker-loving Louis-Dreyfus knew he had been dealt a winning hand.Following the lead set by Nike in the 1970s,he moved production to low-wage factories in China,Indonesia and Thailand and sold Adidas’European factories for a token one Deutsche mark apiece.He hired Peter Moore,a former product designer at Nike,as creative director,and set up studios in Germany for the European market and in Portland,Oregon,for the U.S.He then risked everything by doubling his advertising budget."We went from a manufacturing company to a marketing company,"says Louis-Dreyfus."It didn’t take a genius--you just had to look at what Nike and Reebok were doing.It was easier for someone coming from the outside,with no baggage,to do it,than for somebody from inside the company."68.______"The marketing at Adidas is very,very good right now,"says Eugenio Di Maria,editor of Sporting Good Intelligence,an industry newsletter perceiving Adidas as a very young brand."The company is particularly strong in apparel,much stronger than Nike and Reebok."Although 90%of Adidas products for wear on street instead of sports fields,Louis-Dreyfus felt the previous management had lost sight of Adidas’roots as a sporting products company.After all,Adi Dassler invented the screw-in stud for the soccer shoe and shod American champion Jesse Owens in the 1936 Olympics.So he sold off or folded other non-core brands that Adidas had developed,including Le Coq Sportif,Arena and Pony.Europe is still the company’s largest market because Adidas dominates the apparel industry and thanks to soccer’s massive popularity there,Louis-Dreyftts is quick to share credit for the turnaround with a small group of friends who bought the company with him in 1993.One of those fellow investors is a form 29.Which of the following is true according to the text?A.The Harts prefer a public university to a private one.B.It is much easier to pay the tuition at present.C.All students can get the aid package.D.Traditional scholarships are still attractive to some families.30.Part C Directions:Answer questions 71-80 by referring to the following games.Note:Answer each question by choosing A,B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1.Some choices may be required more than once.Note：Answer each question by choosing A，B，C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1．Some choices may be required more than once．A=Washington D.C.B=New York City C=Chicago D=Los Angeles Which city…is the headquarter of the Supreme Court?71．______was discovered as early as 1524?72．______has served as the capital of the country?73．______is now the largest industrial city in the country?74．______leads the country in the manufacture of aircraft and spare parts?75．______is the largest city?76．______is the second largest city in population in U.S.A.?77．______has become one of the world’s busiest ports?78．______covers an area of over 69 square miles?79．______is now considered the center of industry，transportation，commerce and finance in the mid-west area?80．______A Washington D.C.Washington，the capital of the United States，is in Washington D.C.and is situated on the Potomac River between the two states of Maryland and Virginia．The population of the city is about 800,000 and it covers an area of over 69 square miles(including 8 square miles of water surface)．The section was named the District of Columbia after Christopher Columbus，who discovered the continent．The city itself was named Washington after George Washington，the first president of U.S.A.The building of the city was accomplished in 1800 and since that year，it has served as the capital of the country．Thomas Jefferson was the first president inaugurated there．In the War of 1812，the Britain army seized the city．burning the White House and many other buildings．Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system：Congress，the Supreme Court and the Presidency．Apart from the government buildings，there are also some other places of interest such as the Washington Monument，the Lincoln Memorial，the Jefferson Memorial，the Literary of the Congress and Mt．Vernon，home of George Washington．B New York City New York City．located in New York State,is the largest city and the chief port of the United States．The city of New York has a population of over 7 million(1970)and Metropolitan，12 million．The city with its good harbor was discovered as early as 1524，and it was established by Dutch who named the city New Amsterdam．In 1664，the city was taken by the English and it got the name New York as it bears now．During the American Revolution in 1776，George Washington had his head-quarters for a time in New York City．The Declaration of Independence was first read there in July 4th，1776．The city re 31.(78)32.The word"deforestation"in Paragraph 3 means______.A.forest damage caused by pollution B.moving population from forest to cities C.the threat of climate change D.cutting large areas of trees 33.The man behind this notion,Jack Maple,is a dandy who affects dark glasses,homburgs(翘边帽)and two-toe shoes;yet he has become something of a legend in America’s police departments.For some years,starting in New York and moving on to high-crime spots such as New Orleans and Philadelphia,he and his business partner,John Linder have marketed a two-tier system for cutting crime.First,police departments have to sort themselves out:root out corruption,streamline their bureaucracy,and make more contact with the public.Second,they have to adopt a computer system called Comstat which helps them to analyze statistics of all major crimes.These are constantly keyed into the computer,which then displays where and when they have occurred on a color-coded map,enabling the police to monitor crime trends as they happen and to spot high-crime areas.In New York,Comstat’s statistical maps are analyzed each week at a meeting of the city’s police chief and precinct captains.Messrs Maple and Linder("specialists in crime-reduction services")have no doubt that their system is a main contributor to the drop in crime.When they introduced it in New Orleans in January 1997,violent crime dropped by 22%in a year;when they merely started working informally with the police department in Newark,New Jersey,violent crime fell by 13%.Police departments are now lining up to pay as much as$50,000 a month for these two men to put them straight.Probably all these new policies and bits of technical wizardry,added together,have made a big difference to crime.But there remain anomalies that cannot be explained,such as the fact that crime in Washington D.C.,has fallen as fast as anywhere,although the police department has been corrupt and hopeless and,in large stretches of the city,neither police nor residents seem disposed to fight the criminals in their midst.The more important reason for the fall in crime rates,many say,is a much less sophisticated one.It is a fact that crime rates have dropped as the imprisonment rate soared.In 1997 the national incarceration rate,at 645 per 100 000 people was more than double the rate in 1985,and the number of inmates in city and county jails rose by 9.4%.almost double its annual average increase since 1990.Surely some criminologists argue,one set of figures is the cause of the other.It is precise because more people are being sent to prison,they claim that crime rates are falling.A 1993 study by the National Academy of Sciences actually concluded that the tripling of the prison population between 1975 and 1989 had lowered violent crime by 10-15%.Yet cause and effect may not be so obviously linked.To begin with,the sale and possession of drugs are not counted by the FBI in its crime index,which is limited to violent crimes and crimes against property.Yet drug offences account for more than a third of the recent increase in the number of those jailed;since 1980,the incarceration rate for drug arrests has increased by 1000%.And although about three-quarters of those going to prison for drug offences have committed other crimes as well,there is not yet a crystal-clear connection between filling the jails with drug-pushers and a decline in the rate of violent crime.Again,though national figures are suggestive,local ones diverge:the places where crime has dropped most sharply(such as New York City)are not always the places where incarceration has risen fastest.Jack Maple started his career in______.A.Philadelphia B.Oregon C.New Orleans D.New York 34.What can we infer from the second paragraph?A.Some families are too poor to pay the full amount of the tuition.B.The parents do not favor the form.of loans.C.Paying the tuition makes the parents feel humble.D.Those who are in great need may not get what they need.35.(68)36.(79)37.Part A Directions:Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.As long as her parents can remember,13-year-old Katie Hart has been talking about going to college.Her mother,Tally,a financial-aid officer at a California University,knows all too well the daunting thing of paying for a college education.Last year the average yearly tuition at a private,four-year school climbed 5.5 percent to more than$17,000.The Harts have started saving,and figure they can afford a public university without a problem.But what if Katie applies to Princeton(she’s threatening),where one year’s tuition,room and board—almost$34,000 in 2007—will cost more than some luxury cars?Even a number cruncher like Tally admits it’s a little scary,especially since she’11 retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time.Paying for college has always been a hard endeavor.The good news:last year students collected$74 billion in financial aid,the most ever.Most families pay less than full freight.Sixty percent of public-university students and three quarters of those at private colleges receive some form.of financial aid—mostly,these days,in the form.of loans.But those numbers are not as encouraging as they appear for lower-income families,because schools are changing their formulas for distributing aid.Eager to boost their magazine rankings,which are based in part on the test scores of entering freshmen,they’re throwing more aid at smarter kids—-whether they need it or not.The best way to prepare is to start saving early.A new law passed last year makes that easier for some families.So-called 529 plans allow parents to sock away funds in federal-tax-free-investment accounts,as long as the money is used for"qualified education expenses"like tuition,room and board.The plans aren’t for everyone.For tax reasons,some lower and middle income families may be better off choosing other investments.But saving is vital.When’s the best time to start?"Sometime,"says Jack Joyce of the College Board,"between the maternity ward and middle school."Aid packages usually come in some combination of grants,loans and jobs.These days 60 percent of all aid comes in the form.of low-interest loans.All students are eligible for"unsubsidized"federal Stafford loans,which let them defer interest payments until after graduation.Students who can demonstrate need can also qualify for federal Perkins loans or"subsidized"Staffords,where the government pays the interest during school.Fortunately,this is a borrower’s market."Interest rates are at their lowest level in the history of student loans,"says Mark Kantrowitz,publisher of Finaid.Kantrowitz expects rates to fall even further when they’re reviewed this summer.Traditional scholarships,academic or athletic,are still a part of many families’planning.Mack Reiter,a 17-year-old national wresding champion,gets so many recruiting letters he throws most away.He’11 almost certainly get a free ride.Without it,"we would really be in a bind,"says his mother,Janet.For everyone else,it’s worth the effort to pick through local and national scholarship offerings,which can be found on Web sites like college-board,com.What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of the Harts?A.The difficulty of paying the tuition.B.The far-sight of the parents.C.The promising future of Katie.D.The increasing tuition in the university.38.What is the main message of this text?A.That the salt scare is not justified.B.That the orgin of hypertension is now found.C.That the moderate use of salt is recommended.D.That salt consumption is to be promoted.39.Women’s minds work differently from men’s.At least,that is what most men are convinced of.Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke.Now the biologists have moved into this minefield,and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women.But being different,they point out hurriedly,is not the same as being better or worse.There is,however,a definite structural variation between the male and female brain.The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes—the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves,the corpus callosum.Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is in men.This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance.The question is"What?",and,if this difference exists,are there others?Re-search shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men.Are some of these differences biological and inborn,a result of evolution?We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences.But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions,and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together.For most people,the left half is used for wordhanding,analytical and logical activities;the right half works on pictures,patterns and forms.We need both halves working together.And the better the connections,the more harmoniously the two halves work.And,according to research findings,women have the better connections.But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at"language subjects"and boys better at maths and physics.If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline,there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shan’t know for a while,partly because we don’t know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain,and we cannot understand how the two halves inter-act via the corpus callosum.But this striking difference must have some effect and,because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect,we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B.Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C.Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D.The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.40.Part A Directions:Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip-top condition,with fair hair,crew-cuts,good teeth,an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited non-technical vocabulary.What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound fellow human beings is something of a difficult problem.Should you wish to interview him,you must apply beforehand,and you must be prepared for a longish wait,even if your application meets with success.It is.in any case,out of the question to interview an astronaut about his family life or personal activities,because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions forbidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives.Certain obvious qualifies are needed.Anyone who would be a spaceman must be in perfect health,must have powers of concentration(since work inside a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding)and must have considerable courage.Again,space-work calls for dedication.Courage and dedication are particularly essential.In the well-known case of the Challenger seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty equipment in the shuttle.Another must be outstanding scientific expertise.It goes without saying that they all have to have professional aeronautical qualifications and experience.A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages.For the younger man,in his twenties,say,space is out.Only one of the fifty men working for NASA in 1970 was under 30.The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard,America’s first man in space,who,at nearly fifty,was also the man who captained Apollo 13.The average age is the late thirties.The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Second World War.In 1986 the Challenger astronauts had an average age of 39.The range was from 35 to 46.In a society where marital continuity is not always exhibited,the astronauts’record in this respect hits you in the eye.Of all the married men in NASA group,only two or three are divorced from their wives.Mind you.it is hard to tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fidelity or whether the selection process demands that a candidate should be happily married.The NASA astronauts live in unattractive small communities dotted here and there around the base in Texas.You would expect them to find their friends from among their professional associates,but this is not the case.Rather,they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts.Astronauts,like everybody else,must get fed up with talking shop all the time,and whereas they are indeed an elite,their daily life outside work should be as normal as possible,if only for the sake of their families.As for the astronauts’political leanings,they seem to be towards the right.This may be due to the fact that a large proportion of the astronauts have a military background.On the other hand,it could be just coincidence.Details of the private life of an astronaut are hard to come by,because they are______.A.his own business and privacy B.secrets as far as interviews are concerned C.the property of an American magazine D.the first-rate national confidential information四、阅读理解(5题)41.第29题a variety of species are on the decrease?__________42.根据下列选项回答21～30题：第21题is the headquarter of the Supreme Court?__________43.第49题What does MacDonald warn people when they intend to buy life insurance products?44.第37题The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance holds that__________．45.第47题tells the story about retrieving the last one of four brothers in the war?__________参考答案1.A 2.A 3.Any traveler/A peddler/A shoe maker 4.B 5.B 6.Worlds of Time 7.A 8.B 9.Civil．10.Poisonous．11.B 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.In a keg．16.surveysurvey解析：根据后面的数据，空缺处指的是1993年的一项调查问卷，所以此处应填“survey”。17.atat解析：某大学的教授，应为“a professor at…university”，所以答案为介词“at”。18.worseworse解析：“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越…越…，”根据上下文，本句句意为“身边的小玩意儿越多，事情似乎就会变得越糟糕。”所以此处应填“worse”。19.paperpaper解析：由前一句“…are now paper throwaways．”可知，“不久以后我们将穿由纸制作的衣服。”20.farfar解析：可用于修饰“too little”的只能是far，意为“太少，特别少”。21.thatthat解析：此空后的内容为maintain的内容，即此空后的句子为maintain的宾语，应填一个可引导宾语从句的词。22.towardtoward解析：作者要表达的意思是“我怎么才能对别人诚实。”英语中表达“对某人…”一般是用介词toward。故答案为toward。23.especiallyespecially解析：“Around 1980 many．Japanese，______young people…”，“1980年左右许多日本人，尤其是年轻人…”，所以此处应填“especially”。24.proportionproportion解析：此处意为很大比例的学生仍然喜欢简单的工作，所以此处应填“proportion”。25.thatthat解析：此空之后的内容为suggests的内容，即此处应填that，引导宾语从句。26.D解析：fib意为“撒小谎”。27.D解析：由短文第一句“Opinion polls are now beginning to show that，whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on，high unemployment is probably here to stay．”可知。28.EE解析：由此空上下两段意思看，只有E放在此空可以使上下文衔接通畅。29.D解析：选项A意思不准确，文中提到公立大学和私立大学的学费问题，但并没有表明家长的态度和倾向；选项B意思不对，文中对应信息是第二段；申请贷款并不是无条件的，这是选项C的错误所在。综观全文，可以看出传统意义上的奖学金还是很有吸引力的。所以本题应选D。30.A解析：由A中的第三段“Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system：Congress，the Supreme Court and the Presidency．”可知答案为A。31.C解析：由C中倒数第二段中的“GNVQ in business studies and health and social care provides an altemative vocational pathway to…”可知。32.D解析：deforestation意为“滥伐森林”。33.D解析：由第一段中的“For some years，starting in New York…”可知。34.D解析：原文对应信息是：“Eager to boost their magazine rankings，which are based in part on the test scores Of entering freshmen．they’re throwing more aid at smarter kids—whether they need it or not．”该句话说明“学校为了提高其杂志排名，就给那些比较聪明的孩子经济上给予较大的帮助，不管他们需不需要帮助”。由此可以看出，急需帮助的学生并不一定就能35.FF解析：从后面的first，second等字眼可以看出答案为F，因为选项中的“This，of course，will introduce two vital sets of problem—is already introducing them．”相对应。故应选F。36.D解析：由D中的“Valparaiso University combines liberal arts with professional studies and promotes service to others”可知。37.A解析：原文对应信息是：“Even…Tally admits it’s a little scary，especially since she’ll retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time．”意为“面临自己将要退休，同时孩子要上大学，这确实有点令人害怕。”我们可知Tally对支付自己女儿的学费有点害怕。B、C、D均不是作者想要表达的原因。所以本题应选A。38.A解析：由整篇文章可知，本文主要传达的信息为“食盐致病理论没有道理”。39.C解析：选项A即心理学家已经放弃，而生物学家正在展开研究工作。而文中第三句话说“Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke．”即心理学家认为这个研究不是一件沮丧的事，就是一个笑话，此句和选项A含义不一样。选项B即大脑区别显示出一个性别优于另外一个性别。而文中第一段最后一句话说“But being different，they point out hurriedly，is not the same as bei 40.C解析：本文第二段中提到“…because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions forbidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives.”41.B由B中的第一段“…and global biodiversity is being lost by reason of thousands of years of habitat conversions．”可知。42.AA华盛顿，美国的首府，位于华盛顿哥伦比亚特区。城市人口大约80万。面积69平方公里。华盛顿是根据第一任总统乔治·华盛顿的名字命名的。城市建于1800年，但是在1812年战争中被毁坏。华盛顿是联邦法制各系统的总部。除了政府大楼，还有很多别的有名建筑。B纽约．位于纽约州，美国最大的城市以及主要的港口城市。人口大约有7百万。早在1524年，这里就作为港口城市被荷兰人称为新阿姆斯特丹。1664年英国人接管，并改名为纽约。独立战争期间，纽约起了重要的作用，直到1790年，它还是国家的首府。纽约是世界上最忙碌的港口之一，同时也是美国金融、工业以及旅游业中心城市。城市中还有很多出名的地方。C芝加哥，美国人口第二大城市，位于密西根湖的西南角，美国最大的工业城市。重工业轻工业都很发达。黑色冶金业以及肉产品加工业堪称美国之首。芝加哥工人具有光荣的革命传统。早在1886年5月1日数以千万的工人就为争取八小时工作制而努力，从此国家劳动节便诞生了。D洛杉矶，位于加州太平洋海岸，是航运、工业以及交流的重要中心。1542年被西班牙探险家发现，1864年由美国接管。洛杉矶的飞机以及零部件生产居国内前茅，因此成为航空中心。同时由于第一部美国电影在这里拍摄，洛杉矶又被成为电影之都。这里的好菜坞电影基地，也是世界出名的电影制作中心。答案解析:由A中的第三段“Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system：Congress，the Supreme Court and the Presidency．”可知答案为A。43.D由第四段第一句“However，MacDonald and others warn aganist using insurance policies purely as an investment．”可知。44.C由第一段可知NAAFA认为肥胖无害，故A项是错误的。B项文章中未提到。第一段倒数第二句话说到基因决定人的胖瘦，故C项是正确的。NAAFA只是认肥胖对人体无害，并没有说有好处，故D项是错误的。45.B由B中的第二段最后几句话“Miller is ordered to take his squad behind enemy lines on a dangerous mission to find and retrieve one man：Private James Ryan．”可知。
