2022-2023学年河南省洛阳市第三十八中学高三英语期末试题含解析.docx

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2022-2023学年河南省洛阳市第三十八中学高三英语期末试题含解析一、选择题1.—Bob,how about going swimming this weekend?—Go swimming in this weather?___________.It’s so cold.A.Not likely B.Have a good trip C.OK D.I’m fond of that参考答案：A 2.If you were to have a few minutes free，I______the opportunity to ask you one more question．（）A．would appreciate B．would have appreciated C．were to appreciate D．had appreciated参考答案：A．如果你有几分钟的空闲，我很感激有机会再问你一个问题．本题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句；与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句中有三种动词形式：1）were to+do；2）should+do 3）过去时（be动词用were），相应的主句中用"would/should/could/might+do"，由此判断答案是A．3.Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog.I happened to witness_______this morning.A.it B.those C.one D.that参考答案：C 4.Because of the financial crisis,the company decided not to_______profits to its shareholders.A.vary B.disturb C.distribute D.contribute参考答案：C 5.was reported in the paper,people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island.A．It B．That C．As D．What参考答案：C 6.We’d better discuss everything______before we work out the plan.A.in detail B.in general C.on purpose D.on time参考答案：A句意为：在我们制定计划之前，我们最好详细地讨论每件事。in detail详细地；in general通常，大体上；on purpose故意地；on time准时，按时。由句意知选A项。7.--You’re talking too much.--Only at home.No one________me but you.A.is hearing B.had heard C.hears D.heard参考答案：C 8.We’ve had a good start,but next,more work needs_____to achieve the final success.A．being done B．do C．to be done D．to do参考答案：C略9.Besides_____to Harvard University,he also received scholarship from Hong Kong University yesterday.A.being admitted B.admitted C.having admitted D.to be admitted参考答案：A考查动名词。句意：除了被哈弗大学录取，昨天他也收到了香港大学的奖学金。此处besides（介词）除---之外，还有---，后面用动名词做宾语；be admitted to被---录取，可知答案为A。10.He hasn’t got any hobbies---_______you call watching TV a hobby.A.If B.Unless C.When D.Since参考答案：B 11.The pictures in a bite of china look so attractive and_____that many people enjoy watching it.A.comfortable B.inviting C.delicious D.promising参考答案：B 12._____read newspapers for pleasure,but also to improve their minds.A.Not only old men B.Not only old men do C.Not only do old men D.Old men not only do参考答案：C 13.I_______a football game when you called.That’s why I didn’t hear you.A.watched B.was watching C.have watched D.would watch参考答案：B 14.With recent permission from Chinese government,Japan has become the first country______huge sums of Chinese government bond(债券).A.allows to buy B.to allow to buy C.to be allowed to buy D.to be allowed buying参考答案：C 23.I got caught in the rain and my suit___________.A.has ruined B.had ruined C.has been ruined D.had been ruined参考答案：C略16.—Someone______have watered the garden this morning,didn’t he?—Yes,James did.I_______have done but I have been washing the whole morning.A.would;would B.should;might C.could;must D.must;should参考答案：D 17.Filmisnot onlyauniversalentertainmentmodeinmodern times,but also an important________for cultural communication.A.transportation B.appearance C.controversy D.vehicle参考答案：D二、新的题型18.The“best years of your life”?Maybe not,but you can learn to make the most of your high school days.Learn to appreciate small things.Whether it’s having a computer,having friends,having a good supply of food,a bed to sleep on,family that loves you,having a good education or simply being born in this world.___11___Be happy,and life will reward you.Remember that these are the last few years you will be able to enjoy yourself without having to worry about the responsibility of an adult,but make sure you prepare yourself for when you do become one.___12___Unlike what many articles state,you don’t have to be popular and have many friends to be happy.___13___Try to have friends that like you who you are,not just because you are wearing a certain brand of shoes or something like that.These are people who shop at the same store as you;not someone who will sympathize with you when your dog dies.Be sociable.___14___While you only need 4 or 5 close friends,that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t try to meet new people.Participating gives you something to do instead of sitting bored at home.___15___Video games,for example,are good if you’re the type who can get into that kind of thing.You should also find a hobby that is meaningful or practical.Use your“hobby time”to either volunteer(to gain practical skills for college apps,job resumes,and scholarships)or learn an instrument,or get into something else in the creative field like painting or dance.A.You can pursue interests you enjoy.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed C.Choose your friends wisely.D.Participating in clubs,activities,and sports increases your chances of meeting new friends.E.In fact,many of the“friends”you have when you are popular are not true friends.F.Being confident in your appearance makes you more confident in other areas.G.Remember that the point of life is for you to enjoy it.参考答案：11.G 12.C 13.E 14.D 15.A【分析】本文为议论文。本文主要告诉我们如何好好享受青少年时期的生活。【11题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格后的句子“Be happy,and life will reward you.Remember that these are the last few years you will be able to enjoy yourself without having to worry about the responsibility of an adult,开心点，生活会报答你。记住这是你最后几年可以好好享受的日子，这时不用担心要承担成年人的责任”。而选项B“Remember the point of life is for you to enjoy it.记住生活的意义是让你自己去享受的”正好可以作为其后内容的主题句，故选B。【12题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题是一段的主题句。本段的意思是你没有必要有许多朋友，不必在朋友中受欢迎，要交和你一样的朋友而不只是看外表。由此可知交朋友是慎重，要明智，分析选项可知C项符合题意，且有词friend的复现，因此选C。【13题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格前一句“you don’t have to be popular and have many friends to be happy.你不必那么受欢迎，有很多朋友才开心”及下文“These are people…not someone who will sympathize with you when your dog dies.”而选项D中“In fact,many of the"friends"you have when you are popular are not true friends.实际上，很多在你受欢迎时所拥有的朋友不是真朋友”，分析选项可知E项符合题意，故选E项。【14题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空所在段的主题句为“Be sociable.”即善于交际。分析选项可知D项“Participating in clubs,activities,and sports increases your chances of meeting new friends.参加俱乐部，活动，或者运动以增加交到新朋友的机会”，与“Be sociable.善于社交”正好是其后内容的主题句，因此选D项。【15题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题是所在一段的主题句。通读本段可知，本文叙述的兴趣与爱好（hobby）。分析选项可知A项中的（interests）二者是同义词。分析本段可知，本段主要讲的是要找到自己的兴趣爱好，并享受它。因此这与A项（你可以追求你喜欢的兴趣）意义一致，故选A。【点睛】七选五题型看似简单，实际上有时完全作对并不容易，需要方法和分析能力及足够的耐力。首先快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。试题的位置不同，解题策略也不同。若问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。如第5小题，本小题是所在一段的主题句。通读本段可知，本文叙述的兴趣与爱好（hobby）。分析选项可知A项中的（interests）二者是同义词。分析本段可知，本段主要讲的是要找到自己的兴趣爱好，并享受它。因此这与A项（你可以追求你喜欢的兴趣）意义一致，故选A。找到答案后，将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。三、阅读理解19.People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of question.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other,and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs.nurture.Those who support the“nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定)to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).Proponents of the“nurture”theory,or,as they are often called,behaviorists,claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic;they maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli(something that helps sb./sth.to develop better and more quickly)as the basis of their behavior.The social and political connections of these two theories are significant.In the United States,for example,blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test.This leads some“nature”proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites.Behaviorists,in contrast,say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy,and that,as a result,they do not develop the same responses that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.In fact,it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the argument will continue for a long time is certain.66.The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem____________.A.why our personalities and behaviors differ B.what makes different stages of intelligence C.how social scientists form different theories D.what causes the“nature/nurture”argument 67.The word“proponents”can best be replaced by__________.A.approaches B.advocates C.principles D.characters 68.Which of the following statements may be supported by the“nature”school?A.We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.B.Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.C.Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors.D.Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.69.What can we learn about the behaviorists?A.They believe human beings are mechanical.B.They compare our behaviors to the machines.C.They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.D.They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.70.The“nature”theorists believe that the black’s low scores____________.A.are the result of the educational disadvantages B.are a display of the blacks’poor intelligence C.have nothing to do with their true intelligence D.have nothing to do with factors other than heredity(遗传)参考答案：66.答案A。主旨大意题。首段首句指出作者要讨论的问题，第2段开始从两个方面解释该问题，末段是总结段，由此看来，首段首句和末段首句提到的human behavior是本文的中心内容，因此答案为A。虽然文章首段第2句就提到intelligent一词，但该句的intelligent，cooperative，competitive等都只是举例说明首句有关personalities和behaviors的问题，由此可见，选项B并非本文主旨；作者提到两种理论是为了解释性格和行为形成的原因，并非讨论这两种理论形成的原因，因此C、D两项均不正确。67.答案B。猜词题。根据文章内容，我们可以判断proponent应指人，指这两种理论的支持者，只有advocates“拥护者”符合这种推测，故选B。68.答案A。细节理解题。第3段首句的largely determined by biological and genetic factors和末句的governed by our instincts都表明“天性论”派会认同A的看法，故选A。69.答案C。细节理解题。本题实际上考查第4段末句的正确理解。原文该句中的like machines，humans respond……表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器，而是把人类对环境的反应与机械对环境的反应作对比，由此可见，C为正确的理解。70.答案D。细节推理题。将D选项与第3段结合起来，可以确定D为本题答案，只有D才符合“天性论”派对性格与行为形成的看法。