陕西省2021年高考英语二轮复习专题升级训练卷十六史地、自然、科普、新闻类阅读理解、信息匹配（一）.doc

会员专享推荐 · 你可能也用得上更多

开通会员，畅读全站文档

本篇文档已为你保留

本篇文档价值 ~~¥35.00~~会员免费解锁

全文不限次阅读，剩余内容即刻解锁
高速下载通道，免排队、无等待
专属客服 1 对 1 答疑，优先响应
每日赠送下载券，本篇文档免费送

有 86 篇商业计划书正在上传

下载原文档

2013年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版专题升级训练十六史地、自然、科普、新闻类阅读理解、信息匹配（一）第一节阅读理解A The Alps are the youngest and highest mountain system in Europe.They stretch across the western and southern part of the continent in a broad arc.The mountain range starts near the Mediterranean Sea on the border between France and Italy.Then it curves north and eastward through northern Italy，Switzerland，Liechtenstein，southern Germany，Austria and Slovenia.The Alps are about 1,000 km long，and the broadest section is over 260 km wide.The highest peak，Mont Blanc，situated on the border between France，Italy and Switzerland，rises 4,807 meters above sea level.Other famous peaks are the Monte Rosa，the Matterhorn，the GroBglockner and the Zugspitze.Millions of years ago the area of today’s Alps was covered by a large sea that separated Europe and Africa.The southern land mass started moving northwards.This movement folded rock layers at the bottom of the sea.Heat and pressure transformed the rock and pushed the_material upwards.Today these regions are the highest parts of the Alps.Most of the newly formed rock is granite and gneiss，but many ranges consist of limestone which also formed on the seabed.During the Ice Age，which started about a million years ago，the Alps were covered with a thick blanket of snow.Glaciers moved down valleys and made them wider and deeper.As they moved they took rock and other material with them，creating moraines（冰碛）．When glaciers started to melt water filled up behind these natural dams and created the alpine lakes we know today.The largest of these glaciers is the Aletsch in Switzerland which reaches a length of about 25 km.The longest glacier of the eastern Alps is the 8 km long Pasterze，at the foot of the GroBglockner.The ice and snow of the alpine regions helped create the large rivers of today：the Rhine，Rhone，Danube and the Po.1．From the first two paragraphs we know the Alps______.A．are about 260 km wide B．stretch across the western part of Africa C．are the youngest mountain system in the world D．have the highest peak 4,807 meters above sea level 2．What does the underlined phrase“this material”in Para.3 refer to?A．Sea water and rock.B．Rock that was transformed.C．Rock layers that were folded.D．Limestone which was on the seabed.3．It can be inferred from the passage that the Alps were formed______.A．before the Ice AgeB．during the Ice Age C．because of seas’movement D．because of glaciers’movement 4．From the passage we know Danube is______.A．a kind of rock B．one of the Alps’famous peaks C．the name of a river D．one of the largest glaciers B Nanoparticles（纳米粒子）are everywhere，from cosmetics and clothes，to soda and snacks.But as common as they are，they also have a downside，say researchers at Binghamton University and Cornell University in a recent paper published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.These tiny particles，even in low doses，could have a big impact on our longterm health.According to the lead author of the article，Gretchen Mahler，assistant professor of bioengineering at Binghamton University，much of the existing research on the safety of nanoparticles has been directly related to health effects.But what Mahler and a team of researchers really wanted to know was what happens when someone gets constant exposure in small doses—the kind you’d get if you took a drug or supplement that included nanoparticles in some form.“We thought that the best way to measure the more subtle（精细的）effects of this kind of intake was to monitor the reaction of intestinal（肠道的）cells，”said Mahler.“And we did this in two ways：through human intestinallining cells that we had cultured in the lab，and through the intestinal linings of live chickens.Both sets of results pointed to the same thing—that exposure to nanoparticles influences the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.”The uptake of iron was of particular interest due to the way it is absorbed and processed through the intestines.“What we found was that for brief exposures，iron absorption dropped by about 50 percent，”said Mahler.“But when we extended that period of time，absorption actually increased by about 200 percent.It was very clear—nanoparticles definitely affect iron uptake and transport.”While brief oral exposure disrupted intestinal iron transport，longtime exposure caused intestinal cells to be larger and broader，thus allowing iron to enter the bloodstream much faster.“The intestinal cells are a gateway that ingested nanoparticles must go through to get to the body，”said Mahler.“We monitored iron absorption and found that the polystyrene nanoparticles affected the absorption process and caused a physiological response.”5．What is the best title for the passage?A．Nanoparticles are common in our life.B．Nanoparticles have an effect on our health.C．We should know more about nanoparticles.D．The intake of nanoparticles should be banned.6．Gretchen Mahler’s research is to______.A．measure the direct health effects of iron uptake B．find out the effect of longtime exposure to nanoparticles C．explore how to reduce the effects of nanoparticles D．study how nanoparticles affect chickens 7．The underlined word“disrupted”in the last paragraph probably means“______”．A．disorderedB．benefited C．discovered D．followed 8．In which part of a magazine can this passage most likely be found?A．Science.B．History.C．Entertainment.D．Economy.C Climate change is threatening to redraw the world’s wineproducing map，and the effects are already being seen in earlier harvests and coarser（更为粗糙、劣质的）wines.“The consequences of global warming are already being felt.Harvests are already coming 10 days earlier than before in almost all grapegrowing regions，”said Bernard Seguin，the head of climate studies at France’s INRA agricultural research institute.He was speaking at the opening of the Second International Congress on Wine and Climate Change.“Wine and wineproducing will change in a way that will depend on how we face global warming，”said Seguin.“If the temperature rises two or three degrees centigrade，we could manage to see Bordeaux remain as Bordeaux，Rioja as Rioja，Burgundy as Burgundy.But if it goes up five or six degrees，we must face up to huge problems，and the changes will be hard，”he said.Grapes are damaged if they ripen too quickly，due to higher temperatures and a lack of rain.“When a grape matures more quickly，you get higher concentrations of sugar，lower acidity（酸性）and a higher PH level，”said Fernando Zamora of the oenology faculty（葡萄酒酿造学系）at the University of Tarragona in Spain.The result is coarser wines，with a higher alcohol level and lower acidity which can destroy the delicate flavor of good quality wines，he said.It would also lead to higher prices in countries which tax wine according to its alcohol level.“The types of wines will change in almost all regions，”said Vicente Sotes，a professor at the Polytechnic University.And some regions which still produce good wine would no longer benefit from the ideal climatic conditions that are responsible for their fame.“The French will have problems，especially in the Bordeaux region，”said Pancho Campos，the president of the Wine Academy of Spain，who organized the Barcelona conference.“German producers on the banks of the Rhine will be the least at risk，”he said.The French“Grand Crus”could be further threatened by the“New World”wines of Australia，California，Chile，Argentina，South Africa and New Zealand，which would have the best climatic conditions.“The countries in the southern hemisphere（半球）are next to a greater mass of water，and it is sea currents that maintain the temperature at its level，”said Campos.9．What’s the main idea of the passage?A．How we should fight against the climate change.B．Earlier harvests are the causes of coarser wines.C．Wine production is threatened by the climate change.D．Global warming is very serious in many countries.10．A brand of wine with poor quality bears the feature of______.A．a lower alcohol level B．a lower PH level C．a lower acidity level D．a lower sugar level 11．The last paragraph indicates that______.A．wines produced in the countries in the southern hemisphere have low prices B．French wine producers face more threats from the rise of temperature C．the southern countries have much higher temperature compared with the north D．the countries in the southern hemisphere would have ideal climate for wine producing D Scientists think it will be possible to record people’s dreams and then interpret them.They claim to have developed a system which allows them to record higher level brain activity.Dr Moran Cerf told the journal Nature：“We would like to read people’s dreams.”Previously the only way to access people’s dreams is for psychologists to ask about them after the event and try to interpret them.Dr Cerf hopes to eventually compare people’s memories of their dreams with an electronic picture of their brain activity.He told the BBC：“There’s no clear answer as to why humans dream.And one of the questions we would like to answer is when do we actually create this dream.”The scientist believes his latest research shows that certain neurons（神经元）or individual brain cells are linked with specific objects or concepts.He found that a particular neuron lit up when a volunteer thought about Marilyn Monroe.If a database was built up identifying various neurons with concepts，objects and people，it would allow them to“read the subject’s minds”，according to Dr Cerf.However，Dr Roderick Oner，a clinical psychologist and dream expert，said that this kind of picture would be of limited help when it came to interpreting the“complex dream story”．In order to get a detailed picture of individual neurons，scientists had to have electrodes（电极）implanted deep in the brain by using surgery.The Nature researchers used data from patients who had electrodes implanted to monitor and treat them for brain seizures.However，Dr Cerf said he hoped that it would be possible at a later stage to monitor people without invasive surgery.He said it would be“wonderful”to be able to read the minds of coma（昏迷的）patients who are unable to communicate.12．How did we record and interpret our dreams in the past?A．We couldn’t do that because of our limited science knowledge.B．Only some scientists could do that with some special systems.C．Everyone could do that by asking about the dreamers after the event.D．Psychologists could do that by asking about the dreamers after the event.13．What can be inferred from the 3rd paragraph?A．Dr Cerf’s latest research is really a success.B．Dr Cerf’s latest research turns out to be a failure.C．Not all scientists are in favor of Dr Cerf’s opinion.D．All scientists think Dr Cerf’s research is ridiculous.14．Why did scientists have electrodes implanted deep in the brain?A．Because they wanted to gain a more clear image of individual neurons.B．Because they hoped to find a new way of curing the patients’brain seizures.C．Because they could get the data that would be used for treating brain seizures.D．Because they wanted to read the minds of coma patients unable to communicate.15．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A．A famous scientist，Dr Cerf B．Scientists plan to record people’s dreams C．When do we actually create this dream D．Roderick Oner，a clinical psychologist and dream expert第二节信息匹配A．The education in Paris B．The culture of Paris C．The population growth in Paris D．The production of Paris E．The industries in Paris F．The introduction of Paris。