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Good afternoon.Distinguished professors and teachers,ladies and gentlemen,thank you for attending the oral defense.I am ZhuMin.Firstly,I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor professor Wei,for her intellectual guidance,invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis.It is with her valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is the Narrative Techniques of“Araby”.“Araby”,reflecting the psychological growth of a teenager is one short story in Dubliners by James Joyce.It is about a Dublin boy who falls in love with his friend’s sister,but such love illusion is broken finally after he goes to the bazaar to buy a gift for the girl.The narrative angle of view in“Araby”presents a considerable vagueness,the narrative-self and the experiencing-self are sometimes coincided while sometimes separated,and the unique way of presenting fictional speech also plays an important role in the shifting of the narrative perspective.It is also remarkable that there are three different moods of the“I”in“Araby”,which is a distinctive point of Joyce’s narrative mode.Therefore,this paper mainly analyzes“Araby”from two aspects:the narrative perspective and the three different moods of“I”.It is through these techniques that Araby’s coherence and symbolic meaning become more distinctive,which has well illuminated the theme in“Araby”and tries to display James Joyce’s narrative techniques.The whole thesis consists of 4 parts.The first part will give a brief introduction of James Joyce and his“Araby”.And the second part is going to analyze the narrative angle of view in Araby.In the third part,the narrative techniques will be further discussed,it is a detail analysis on the moods of Araby.And the fourth part is the conclusion.Ok,this is my presentation.Thank you.1.What’s the theme of Araby?Araby touches on a great of number of themes:1.the coming of age;2.the loss of innocence;3.the life of the mind versus poverty(both physical and intellectual);4.the dangers of idealization;5.the Catholic Church’s influence to make Dublin a place of asceticism where desire and sensuality are seen as immoral;6.the pain that often comes when one encounters love in reality instead of its elevated form.These themes build on one another entirely through the thoughts of the young boy,who is portrayed by the first-person narrator,who writes from memory.2.What narrative techniques did Joyce adopt in Araby?To portray the society and the people as real in Araby,Joyce uses a lot of devices of narrative,such as shifts of focalization,free direct style,symbolic devices,and epiphany and so on.It is the narrative techniques that makes the short story Araby become the most popular in the literature.3.What narrative methods have you analyzed in your thesis?What’s the function?In this thesis,I analyzed two typical narrative methods of Araby,the narrative angle of view and the three moods of“I”.The narrative angle of view in Araby presents a considerable vagueness,the narrative-self and the experiencing-self are sometimes coincided while sometimes separated,which left a huge space to readers to experience the different feelings of the two“I”and to find the theme which Joyce hides in the patterns of narration.4.What means did Joyce adopt to shift these different narrative angles of view?There are two ways Joyce used in Araby to shift the narrative angles of view.Firstly,the shift of narrative perspective through description.Secondly,the shift of narrative perspective through certain words.5.How many moods did Joyce use in Araby?And what’s the function?The first person narration of short story Araby has three different moods of the“I”:the immature“I”,the romantic“I”and the critical“I”.The term“mood”invokes a kind of the grammatical verb category.Strictly speaking,the mood categorizes verb form according to whether they express a wish,a command,a fact,or a possibility.Metaphorically Genette lets the term“mood”capture“the degree of the affirmation”or“the different point of view”which the action is looked at.