双宾语和宾语补足语的区别?英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语"。如:My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑.用来说明宾语的部分叫做宾语补足语.什么时候会出现宾语补足语呢?当一个句子有了(主+谓+宾后,句意仍不清楚,这时补充一部分,句意就清楚了.如果这部分和宾语之间有逻辑上的“主+谓”的关系.也就是说,假设用宾语作主语,与后面的内容重新组成一个句子,其意义与原句的意义相符合,这时这部分就是宾语补足语.如果与原句意义不相符合,就是“双宾语”.如:1.We call her?这时主谓宾都有了,但句意不清楚,加上Sister Li后就完整了.如果我们用宾语做主语,就可写成She is Sister Li.此时,意义与原句相符合,所以Sister Li就是宾语补足语.2.I shall give you这时句子有了主谓宾,意义不完整.加上a dog?就完整了.但我们不能说You are dog,所以这时a dog是直接宾语.you是间接宾语.双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的人.例如:They gave him a watch.这里的him是间接宾语,a watch是直接宾语,这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语.在英语中,有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作,这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语.We call him Jack.我们叫他杰克.这里him是宾语,Jack是宾语补足语They appointed him chairman.他们任命他为主席.这里的him是宾语,chairman是宾语补足语.如何区分双宾语和复合宾语某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语(即:间接宾语+直接宾语或复合宾语(即:宾语+宾语补足语,这两种宾语的形式虽然相似,但结构与意义却不同.那么如何区分双宾语和复合宾语呢?(1从动词上区分.一些动词后面常跟双宾语,这类动词有give,show,bring,read,pass,lend,tell,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等.例如:The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老师给他们每人一块橡皮.They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语.The old man told us a story yesterday.那位老人昨天给我们讲了一个故事.一些动词后面常跟复合宾语,这类动词有let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等.例如:We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁.He didn’t let me go.他不让我走.They call the bird“Polly”.他们叫这鸟“波利”.(2从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分.在双宾语中,能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词.而在复合宾语中,能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多,如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语和分词(短语.例如:She showed us(pron.a new TV set(n..(双宾语He gave Tom(n.a piece of paper(n..(双宾语We call him Lao Li(n..(复合宾语Don’t keep the light on(adv..(复合宾语They must keep their hands behind their backs(介词短语.(复合宾语I won’t let you try again(不定式短语.(复合宾语The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(过去分词.(复合宾语(3从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分.在双宾语中,两个宾语间的关系比较松散,有的句子去掉其中一个宾语,句子仍然成立.双宾语一般表示“为谁(for sb.或给谁(to sb.……”,即“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词+直接宾语+for sb.或to sb.”的结构.例如:Please show me your new book.→Please show your new book to me.请给我看看你的新书.She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought some to matoes for me.她给我买了一些西红柿.宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密,去掉其中一个成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整.而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”;当不定式(短语或分词(短语作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”.例如:We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.We will make our country more beautiful.(Our country will be more beautiful.You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hours a day.we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing in the room.带双宾语动词记忆口诀带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好。说明:1、“七给”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand和“带”(bring8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借,pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach,等2、“buy”(买;“draw”(画;“make”(制作三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有:build,choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(订购,reach等。3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西Give it to me。把它给我4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语,如ask,teach,tell,owe,pay.I asked John.我问约翰I asked a question.我问了一个问题I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us?=Could you explain to us your point of view?6、易错的动词抢劫/偷某人某物:rob/steal sb.sth(错误正确的说法:rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.类似的还有：cure sb of illness治愈某人疾病rid sb of sth从----中除去（不好的东西）supply sb with sth供给某人某物provide sb with sth给某人提供某物accuse sb of sth控告某人某事cheat sb of sth骗取某人某物inform/advise sb of sth通知某人某事remind sb of sth是某人想起某事warn sb of sth警告某人某情况charge sb with sth指责某人某事。
