初一下Unit3Howdoyougettoschool.doc.doc

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Unit 3 How do you get to school?词汇辨析：1.take/spend/pay/cost spend，cost，take和pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1)spend time／money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）。例：I spent two hours on this math problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2)spend time／money(in)doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：They spent two years(in)building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：(1)sth.costs(sb.)＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2)(doing)sth.costs(sb.)＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：(1)It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth.takes sb.＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。pay的基本用法是：(1)pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买……。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth.付……的钱。例：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱。例：Don’t worry!I’ll pay for you.别担心，我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb.付钱给某人。例:They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。(5)pay money back还钱。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you?I’ll pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。即学即练：1)He often much time playing computer games.2)It usually her two hours to do her homework.3)How much did the new cell phone you?4)Allan 380 yuan for the e-dictionary.2.get to/arrive in/arrive at/reach reach后不用加介词如I reach school.get要加介词，但接副词时不用如THERE HOME HERE get to直接加地方arrive in/at也直接加地方，但IN是大地方，AT是小地方reach,get,get to,arrive in/at都是及物动词，但arrive不加介词时是不及物动词，可以不加宾语.如:I arrive我到达了。不能说I reach,/get/,get to,它们后面要加宾语。即学即练：1)—When can you school?--I get to school at seven.2)They Beijing yesterday.3)They the bus stop.4)We home at six.3.other/others/the others/the other/another①other是形容词，意思是“其他的，别的”，常用作定语。如：I don’t know about it.Please ask some other people.我不知道这件事，请问别的人。②others是代词，单独使用，意思是“别人，别的事物”，主要表示“其余一部分但不是全部”。如：Please show me others.请拿些别的东西给我看。Some like dancing,some others like singing.有的人喜欢跳舞，有的人喜欢唱歌。③the other是指两者或双方中的另一个人/物，常用于one...the other...句型。如：I have two friends.One is a policeman and the other is a teacher.我有两个朋友。一个是警察，另一个是教师。④the others相当于the other+可数名词复数，指一个范围内的剩余全部。如：There are many boys in our class.Some are playing ping-pong.Some are playing football.The others are watching TV.我们班里有许多男孩。一些人在打乒乓球，另一些人在踢足球，其余的人在看电视。⑤another用作代词指不定数目中的另一个人或物，表示“另外的”、“其它的”时，后接“数词+复数名词”。如：To say is one thing,to do is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。There’s room for another three people in the back of the bus.公共汽车后面还能坐下三个人。即学即练：1)Lin Feng always help people.2)The old man has two sons.One is a soldier,is an engineer.3)Many people are in the park.Some are taking a walk,are flying kites.4)Would you like cup of coffee?4.a number of/the number of a number of是指“大量的”,后面的动词是复数形式e.g.A number of our classmates love English.the number of是指“......的数量”，后面的动词是单数形式e.g.The number of our classmates is 45.即学即练：1)A number of students reading in the classroom.2)The number of students in our class 56.重点句型：1.--How do you get to school?—I ride my bike.2.How far is it from your home to school?3.It takes me twenty-five minutes to school.4.That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!5.What do you think of the transportation in your town?重点语法：1.take的用法.一、拿，取I want to take some books to the classroom.我想拿些书到教室。二、吃，喝，服用，放①Take this medicine three times a day.每天吃三次药。②Do you take sugar in your milk?你喝的牛奶里放糖吗？三、乘车(船)等①Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi?我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去？②They usually take a bus to work.他们通常乘公交车上班。四、常常和it连用，it在句子中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。翻译成“花费(时间、金钱)等”①How long will it take you to do your homework every day?每天做作业要花费你多长时间？②It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week.每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。五、“做……事情”,常常和名词连用，表示与该名词意义相关的动作例如：take a walk散步,take a rest休息一下,take a look看一看等等。构成常用的重要词组：1.take away拿走Tom takes the knife away from the little boy.汤姆从小男孩手里把刀拿走了。2.take care(=be careful=look out)Take care!The car is coming!小心！车来了！3.take(good)care of(好好)照顾，照料I can take care of the baby all by myself.我自己能照顾这个小孩。4.take down取下来Take down the picture and put up the map of the world.摘下这张图画，挂上一幅世界地图。5.take out拿出Please take out a piece of paper and write down your names on it,OK?拿出一张纸，在上面写下你们的名字，好吗？6.take off脱下；飞机(等起飞)①Sorry!You have to take off your shoes before getting into the computer room.对不起，在进入微机室之前，先要把你的鞋子脱掉。②The plane is going to take off soon.飞机马上就要起飞了。7.take one’s temperature量体温Mingming is ill.The doctor is taking his temperature now.明明生病了，大夫正在给他量体温。2.复习一般现在时。