微生物絮凝剂论文：生物絮凝沉淀—生物联合强化垃圾渗滤液处理技术【中文摘要】垃圾渗滤液是一类浓度高、毒性大的废水,成分复杂,含有大量难降解的有机物,重金属以及COD和NH3-N等物质的含量比较高,水质波动大,是一种较难处理的有机废水。到目前为止,国内外对渗滤液的处理有很多种方法,但对于生物絮凝沉淀-生物联合强化技术的研究较少,利用传统的生物处理法对滤液中的COD和色度的降解率低,而利用生物絮凝沉淀-生物联合强化技术可以有效解决这一难题,以便最大程度地降解水中的污染物,而且微生物絮凝剂本身无毒无害,对人类的健康和环境保护有很重要的现实意义。本文从土壤中分离并筛选出一株具有较高絮凝活性的微生物絮凝剂产生菌,命名为Be-3,通过菌体的形态特征、革兰氏染色以及生化试验结果,初步鉴定Be-3为葡萄球菌属。为了使絮凝剂有效地发挥作用,本文对其培养条件进行了单因素优化,实验结果表明,该菌产生絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为:碳源为10 g·L-1乳糖和10 g·L-1蔗糖,氮源为0.5 g·L-1脲,0.2 g·L-1酵母膏和0.5 g·L-1硝酸钾,无机盐为2 g·L-1磷酸二氢钾、5 g·L-1磷酸氢二钾和0.1 g·L-1氯化钠,在培养基初始pH为6.5,培养温度为30℃,摇床转速为120140 r·min-1的培养箱中培养42 h时,对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝活性可达96%以上。为了考察微生物絮凝剂的应用范围,本文采用微生物絮凝沉淀法对1g·L-1的次甲基蓝模拟废水、高岭土模拟废水,腐植酸模拟废水和污泥废水进行处理,实验结果表明该微生物絮凝剂对模拟污水的有很好的处理效果,尤其对浊度的去除率比较高,处理高岭土溶液时,去处率高可达98.2%。选用微波-Fenton法预处理和絮凝沉淀法联合强化处理工艺,对长生桥垃圾渗滤液进行了预处理,当垃圾渗滤液被稀释100倍,调节pH至3.0,微波作用时间为6min,加入8mmol/L的Fe2+溶液8ml,H2O2为1ml时,垃圾渗滤液的NH3-N去除率为55.71%,COD去处率为98.74%,在此基础上进行微生物絮凝沉淀,调节pH为7.0,絮凝剂投加量为1.0ml,并以1.0ml 1%的CaCl2为助凝剂,快搅1min,慢搅3min时,垃圾渗滤液中的COD、NH3-N的含量分别为2mg·L-1和0.039mg·L-1。为了获得纯絮凝剂产品,本文采用丙酮法对微生物絮凝剂进行了初步纯化,其产率较高,为38.4mg·L-1,通过微生物絮凝剂的显色实验和红外分析表明,该絮凝主要成分为多糖,有很好的热稳定性,具有良好的工业应用前景。【英文摘要】Landfill leachate is a kind of wastewater with high concentration and toxic,whose composition is complexed and containing a lot of organic compounds which is difficult to biodegrad,what′s more,there are many kinds of heavy metal,and the concentration of COD and NH3-N is very high,which result to the large fluctuations in the water quality.At present,there are many methods to treat the landfill leachate at home and abroad,but the research of united technologies of bio-flocculants precipitation and bioaugmentation technique to the treatment of landfill leachate is rare.In the other hand,it may lead to a low removal rate of COD and NH3-N when use traditional biological process to treat the landfill leachate,but united technologies of bio-flocculants precipitation and bioaugmentation technique can solve this problem effectively,which can degrade the pollutants effectively,what is more important,the bioflocculant is nontoxic and harmless,so it is very important for the people′s health and protection of environment.In this paper,the strain of high-efficiency bioflocculant-producting,which was named Be-3,was screened from the soil,and it was identified to be the Staphylococcus by the shape characteristic of the Be-3,and the result of gram stain test and physiological biochemical test.In order to get the highest flocculating activities,the optimal culturing condition was studied in the paper.The results of the experiment show that the optimal culturing condition was as follows:the carbon source is the composition of 10 g·L-1cane sugar and 10 g·L-1lactose,the nitrogen source is the composition of 0.5 g·L-1urea,0.2 g·L-1yeast extract and 0.5 g·L-1potassium nitrate,the inorganic salt is the composition of 2 g·L-1potassium dihydrogen phosphate,5 g·L-1potassium phosphate dibasic and 0.1 g·L-1sodium chloride.When the Be-3 was cultured at 30℃with the initial pH being 6.5 and the rotation speed-140 r·min-1 for 42 h,the flocculating activities achieved over 96%.In order to investigation the application area of the bioflocculant,bio-Flocculants precipitation was used to treat the simulated wastewater,such as methylene blue solution,Kaolin solution,Humic acid,Sludge wastewater,whose concentration is 1g·L-1,the result of erperiment show that bioflocculant have a good treatment effect on the turbidity of simulated wastewater,the removal rate of turbidity achieve 98.2%to the kaolin solution.The united technologies of microwave fenton process and biofluccents precipitation process was selected to pre-treat the landfill leachate of changshengqiao in Chongqing,when the landfill leachate was diluted to 100 times,pH was 3.0,microwave irradiation 320W for 6min,adding 8ml Fe2+at 8mmol·L-1,1ml H2O2,removal rate of COD and NH3-N was best,which is 98.74%and 55.71%respectively.Then the landfill leachate was treated by biofluccents precipitation process,and result against the removal rate of COD and NH3-N show that the best flocculation condition was as follows:when pH is 7.0,bioflocculant dosing quantity is 1.0ml,1%CaCl2 solution dosing quantity is 1.0ml,and mixed them at fast speed 1min,low speed at low speed 3min,the concertain of COD is 2mg·L-1,a-nd the concertain of NH3-N is 0.039mg·L-1.In order to get the pure products of flocculants,the paper used acetone to purified the bioflocculant preliminary,the yield of flocculant is 38.4mg·L-1,the result of color experiments and spectrum of bioflocculant show that the bioflocculant was mainly composed of polysaccharide,and was more thermostable,which implied that the bioflocculanthas a good industrial prospects.【关键词】微生物絮凝剂垃圾渗滤液联合技术处理效果【英文关键词】microbial flocculent landfill leachate united technologies treatment effect【目录】生物絮凝沉淀—生物联合强化垃圾渗滤液处理技术中文摘要3-4英文摘要4-5 1绪论9-24 1.1引言9 1.2垃圾渗滤液的形成及危害9-13 1.2.1垃圾渗滤液的形成9-10 1.2.2垃圾渗滤液的危害10-13 1.3垃圾渗滤液的处理方法13-21 1.3.1生物法13-16 1.3.2物理法16-17 1.3.3生化处理法17 1.3.4化学处理法17-20 1.3.5物化处理法20-21 1.4垃圾渗滤液排放标准21 1.5存在问题与发展方向21-22 1.5.1存在的问题21-22 1.5.2发展方向22 1.6本文研究目的与内容22-24 1.6.1研究目的22-23 1.6.2研究内容23-24 2材料与方法24-34 2.1土壤来源24 2.2培养基24-25 2.2.1分离培养基24-25 2.2.2发酵培养基25 2.2.3生化试验培养基25 2.3微生物絮凝剂产生菌的培养及筛选25-26 2.3.1土壤溶液的配制25 2.3.2涂布25-26 2.3.3菌体培养26 2.3.4菌种的分离和纯化26 2.3.5活性的测定方法26 2.4絮凝剂产生菌的鉴定26-28 2.4.1革兰氏染色实验26-27 2.4.2生理生化实验27-28 2.5培养条件的优化28 2.6微生物絮凝剂对各种模拟废水的处理28-30 2.6.1絮凝率的测定28-29 2.6.2 NH_3-N浓度的测定29 2.6.3浊度的测定29 2.6.4 COD浓度的测定29-30 2.7微生物絮凝剂对垃圾渗滤液的处理30-31 2.7.1稀释倍数的选择30-31 2.7.2联合工艺的选择31 2.7.3微波-Fenton法的优化31 2.7.4垃圾渗滤液絮凝条件的优化31 2.8微生物絮凝的定性分析31-33 2.8.1微生物絮凝剂的分布31 2.8.2微生物絮凝剂的热稳定性31 2.8.3微生物絮凝剂的鉴定31-33 2.8.4微生物絮凝剂的提取33 2.8.5微生物絮凝剂的红外分析33 2.9主要实验仪器33-34 3微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及鉴定34-38 3.1菌种的分离和筛选34-35 3.1.1菌种的分离结果34 3.1.2菌种的筛选结果34-35 3.2菌种的鉴定35-37 3.2.1菌落生长特征35 3.2.2形态及生理特征35-36 3.2.3 Be-3的生理生化实验36-37 3.3本章小结37-38 4微絮凝剂产生菌培养条件的优化38-44 4.1碳源的的优化38-40 4.1.1最佳单碳源的选择38-39 4.1.2碳源浓度的选择39 4.1.3复合碳源及复合比的优化39-40 4.2氮源的优化40-41 4.3无机盐的优化41 4.4初始pH的优化41-42 4.5培养时间的优化42-43 4.6通气量的优化43 4.7本章小结43-44 5微生物絮凝剂对废水的处理44-53 5.1微生物絮凝剂对各种模拟废水的处理研究44-45 5.1.1净化指标44 5.1.2 NH_3-N浓度的测定44-45 5.1.3微生物絮凝剂对模拟废水的处理结果45 5.2联合强化技术对垃圾渗滤液的处理研究45-52 5.2.1稀释倍数的选择45-46 5.2.2联合工艺的选择46 5.2.3微波-Fenton工艺的优化46-49 5.2.4微生物絮凝条件的优化49-52 5.3本章小结52-53 6微生物絮凝剂的提取及鉴定53-57 6.1微生物絮凝剂活性的分布53 6.2微生物絮凝剂的特性53-54 6.2.1微生物絮凝剂的热稳定性53-54 6.2.2微生物絮凝剂的显色反应54 6.3微生物絮凝剂的提取54-55 6.4微生物絮凝剂的红外分析55-56 6.5本章小结56-57 7结论57-58致谢58-59参考文献59-64附录64。
