安徽省亳州市公共英语五级(笔试)模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________一、1.Listening Comprehension(15题)1.How many people depend on local rice and food in South Asia currently?A.More than 150 million people.B.Less than 150 million people.C.About 100 million people.D.About 120 million people.2.How long did it take for chili pepper to become popular around the world?3.Part B Directions:You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A,B,C or D.You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.听力原文：As you all know，log structures are gaining popularity．They are no longer just the simple country homes which we think of as the traditional log cabin．Some upscale homes now incorporate natural round logs in sealing beams and walls．People seem to think that the rounded logs give their homes a cozy warm atmosphere．And even people who want to build a traditional log cabin on their own can buy a kit with precut logs that fit together like pieces of jigsaw puzzle．Before showing you some slides of modem log houses．I’d like to introduce a little historical background on the subject．Log cabins were first built in the late 1600s along the Delaware River Valley．The European immigrants who settled there brought centuries of old traditions of working with logs．And in this heavily wooded area logs were the material in hand．Log cabins were the most popular in the early 1800s with the settlers who were moving west．They provided the answer to the pioneer’s need for a safe and sturdy home that an ordinary family could build quickly．They had dirt floors and sliding boards for，windows．But the log buildings that have probably had most influence on modem architects are those of the mountain retreats of wealthy New Yorkers．These country houses which were popular in the early 1900s typify what’s known as the Adoroundyx style．Now let’s look at those slides．What is the speaker mainly discussing?A.Traditional European architecture.B.Techniques for building log cabins.C.The history of log structures.D.How to build a home yourself.4.What are the students doing when the man arrives in class?A.Taking an examination.B.Drawing graphs.C.Giving presentations.D.Having a class of discussion.5.What does the talk mainly concern?6.What was used to carry most mail after the colonies became a nation?7.What was the name given to the generation that came of age during the 1960s?8.Mr.Miller did changes on the house only for fun.A.True B.Fasle 9.According to the speaker,what does a manager have to treat everyone of his staff as?10.Where could the boats find the letters at Cape Horn?11.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of the problem,whom is it better to complain to?A.A shop assistant.B.The store manager.C.The manufacturer.D.A public organization.12.What are the shopping goods that are basically considered the same?A.Those that satisfy similar needs of the consumer．B.Those that consumers don’t care where to buy．C.Those that consumers spend much time looking for．D.Those that Can be found everywhere．13.What was the discussion topic of the previous class meeting?A.New England mystery stories.B.Eighteenth-century English criticism.C.A comparison of poems of Dickinson and Whitman.D.The poems of Walt Whitman.14.Part C Directions:You will hear a talk.As you listen,answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right.You will hear the talk TWICE.You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30.听力原文：In your university work．you will be expected to give oral presentations in the form.of reports or simply in the forms of answers to questions．There are several things you oral do to make your oral presentations clear and easy to understand．The fundamental point to realize is that speech and writing are different．If you want to be best understood．you can’t simply read your written report aloud．The biggest difference between spoken and written language is that readers can look back over the printed words when they don’t understand．In spoken language，however，listeners can’t go back and check the words．They can rely only on memory．So the first principle to keep in mind when you’re planning to speak in public is that you have to help the listener’s memory．This means that an oral report can’t deliver information as rapidly as a written report．That is，you can’t have as many pieces of new information packed into the same number of words，because they will come at too fast a rate for the listener to understand．In an oral report，the rate of delivery has to be slower．One of the best ways to help your audience is simply to speak slowly．Many people speak too fast when they speak to a group．This is a mistake，especially if you have a foreign accent，because it makes listening more difficult．Beyond the simple technique of speaking more slowly when you speak before a group，there are ways of organizing your presentation that can help the listener be clear and understand your main points．The organization of your talk should allow enough time for the listener to think both before and after each new idea．The purpose of the time before the new information is to give the audience a chance to understand the background clearly．Knowledge of the background，or setting of the information，makes it much easier to anticipate what kind of information is coming next．If the new information occurs too early，without enough background，the listeners should not be prepared with enough background to be able to predict what’s coming．I’ve been describing the time for thinking before the new information．It’s also important to provide time for thinking after the new information．This thinking time allows listeners to fit the idea into their general knowledge of the subject．Thinking time gives the listener a chance to make sure that the idea was understood before going on to the next new idea．There are three general ways to give the listener time for thinking and time after a point of new information．One way is simply to pause．A moment of silence gives the listener time to take in the new information，but there are other ways．A second method is to use a paraphrase．That is，you say the same thing，but in different words．This paraphrase，or repetition of the idea，helps the listeners to fix the thought in their memory．A third way to give the listener time to think is to use words that don’t mean much．These are words that convey no information，but just fill in time．For instance，you might say something like“as I’ve been saying”or“and so forth”and“and so on”．That kind of expression doesn’t really say anything．It’s just made of what we call“filler words”．The words have no real meaning．but they do perform.a useful function．since they allow the listener time to think．In summary，then，we know that oral language should deliver information at a slower rate than you can use in written language．New information should be presented more gradually．Thinking time should be provided both before and after each important new item．The time before is to provide a background so that the listeners can have a chance to anticipat 15.What does the speaker refer the activity of any organization to?二、2.Use of English(10题)16.Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards,from【31】______praise to cold cash,affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists,【32】______research the relation【33】______actions and their consequences argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school.Cognitive researchers,who study various aspects of mental life,maintain【34】______rewards often destroy creativity【35】______encouraging dependence【36】______approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters,especially【37】______educators.But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks【38】______in grade-school children,suggesting【39】______properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness,【40】______to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"If kids know they’re working for a【41】______and can focus【42】______a relatively challenging task,they show the most creativity",says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark."But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for【43】______performance or creating too【44】______anticipation for rewards."A teacher【45】______continually draws attention to rewards or who hands【46】______high grades for ordinary achievement ends up【47】______discouraged students,Eisenberger holds.【48】______an example of the latter point,he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing【49】In earlier grades,the use of so-called token economies,in【50】______students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards,shows promise in raising effort and creativity,the Delaware psychologist claims.(31)17.【C6】18.【C8】19.(50)20.(39)21.【C19】22.【C20】23.The most obvious purpose of advertising is to inform.the consumer of available products or services.The second【31】______is to sell the product.The second purpose might be more important to the manufacturers than the【32】______.The manufacturers go beyond only telling consumers about their products.They also try to persuade customers to buy the【33】______by creating a desire【34】______it.Because of advertisement,consumers think that they want something that they do not need.After buying something,the purchaser cannot always explain why it was【35】______.Even【36】______the purchaser probably does not know why he or she bought something,the manufacturers【37】______.Manufacturers have analyzed the business of【38】______and buying.They know all the different motives that influence a consumer’s purchase—some rational and【39】______emotional.Furthermore,they take advantage of this【40】______.Why【41】______so many products displayed at the checkout counters in grocery stores?The store management has some good【42】______.By the time the customer is【43】______to pay for a purchase,he or she has already made rational,thought-out decisions【44】______what he or she needs and wants to buy.The【45】______feels that he or she has done a good job of choosing the items.The shopper is especially vulnerable at this point.The【46】______of candy,chewing gum,and magazines are very attractive.They persuade the purchaser to buy something for emotional,not【47】______motives.For example,the customer neither needs nor plans to buy candy,but while the customer is standing,waiting to pay money,he or she may suddenly decide to buy【48】______.This is exactly【49】______the store and the manufacturer hope that the customer will【50】______.The customer follows his or her plan.(31)24.(44)25.(36)三、3.Reading Comprehension(15题)26.(78)27.Which of the statements about the teens is NOT true?A.They are ill-bred students in school.B.Some of them take“real drugs”.C.Teens needs attention.D.A few casually display scars on their arms.28.(75)29.(67)30.The electric catfish has a different electric system in that______.A.current moves from the head to the tail B.current moves from the tail to the head C.current moves from the left to the right D.current moves from the right to the left 31.(72)32.(77)33.The views of Vasari and Home on Botticelli’s products are______.A.identical B.complementary C.opposite D.similar 34.Part C Directions:Answer questions 71-80 by referring to the following games.Note:Answer each question by choosing A,B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1.Some choices may be required more than once.A=The Imperial Palace B=The Temple of Heaven C=Potala Palace D=Jokhang Temple Which palace or temple...is the spiritual center of Tibet?71.______is circular in the northern part while square in the southern part?72.______presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture?73.______covers a building space of 90 thousand square meters?74.______is the oldest one among the four in the text?75.______can present the visitor the significance of Heaven Kitchen?76.______is a combination of architectural styles from Han,Tibetan and Nepalese?77.______was the religious and political center of old Tibet?78.______is along with many comparatively small buildings on either side?79.______presents an edict signed with the Great Fifth’s handprint?80.______A The Imperial Palace What strikes one first in a bird s-eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side.That is the former Imperial Palace,popularly known as the Forbidden City,from which twenty-four emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years—from 1420 to 1911.The Ming Emperor Yong Le,who usurped the throne from his nephew and made Beijing the capital,ordered its construction,on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420.At present,the Palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China.Located in the center of Beijing,the entire palace area,rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size,is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide.At each corner of the wall stands a watchtower with a double-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.The main buildings,the six great halls,one following the other,are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate,the south entrance,to Shenwumen,the great gate piercing in the north wall.On either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings.Symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the six Eastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces.The Palace area is divided into two parts:the Outer Court and the Inner Palace.The former consists of the first three main halls,where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies,while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence.At the rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.B The Temple of Heaven The Temple of Heaven was initially built in Yongle Year 18 of the Ming Dynasty(in 1420).Situated in the southern part of the city,it covers the total area of 273 hectares.With the additions and rebuilding during the Ming,Qing and other Dynasties,this grand set of structures look magnificent and glorious;the dignified environment appears solemn and respectful.It is the place for both Ming and Qing Dynasty’s Emperors to worship Heaven and pray for good harve 35.(69)36.Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America,but this year’s is a whopper.Until last week,it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall.Then British authorities,concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool,barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp.Overnight,the U.S.vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea.Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated,they’re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to."This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply,"says Dr.Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information,"and the lack of redundancy in our system."Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out?Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it.To create a single dose of flu vaccine,a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg,then crack the egg,harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response.Profit margins are narrow,demand is fickle and,because each year’s flu virus is different,any leftover vaccine goes to waste.As a result,the United States now has only two major suppliers(Chiron and Aventis Pasteur)--and when one of them runs into trouble,there isn’t much the other can do about it."A vaccine maker can’t just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs,"says Manon Cox,of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp."There’s a whole industry that’s scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time."Sleeker technologies are now in the works,and experts are hoping that this year’s fiasco will speed the pace of innovation.The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures--a medium already used to make most other vaccines.Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way,but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy,and one culture-based product(Solvay Pharmaceuticals’Invivac)has been cleared for marketing in Europe.For Americans,the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply.The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week.That’s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand,but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year.In fact,many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign--encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.Shortages of flue vaccine show that______.A.America relies too much on foreign suppliers B.the demand of flue vaccines is high this year C.quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production D.the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up 37.The man behind this notion,Jack Maple,is a dandy who affects dark glasses,homburgs(翘边帽)and two-toe shoes;yet he has become something of a legend in America’s police departments.For some years,starting in New York and moving on to high-crime spots such as New Orleans and Philadelphia,he and his business partner,John Lieder have marketed a two-tier system for cutting crime.First,police departments have to sort themselves out:root out corruption,streamline their bureaucracy,and make more contact with the public.Second,they have to adopt a computer system called Comstat which helps them to analyze statistics of all major crimes.These are constantly keyed into the computer,which then displays where and when they have occurred on a color-coded map,enabling the police to monitor crime trends as they happen and to spot high-crime areas.In New York,Comstat’s statistical maps are analyzed each week at a meeting of the city’s police chief and precinct captains.Messrs Maple and Linder("specialists in crime-reduction services")have no doubt that their system is a main contributor to the drop in crime.When they introduced it in New Orleans in January 1997,violent crime dropped by 22%in a year;when they merely started working informally with the police department in Newark,New Jersey,violent crime fell by 13%.Police departments are now lining up to pay as much as$50,000 a month for these two men to put them straight.Probably all these new policies and bits of technical wizardry,added together,have made a big difference to crime.But there remain anomalies that cannot be explained,such as the fact that crime in Washington D.C.,has fallen as fast as anywhere,although the police department has been corrupt and hopeless and,in large stretches of the city,neither police nor residents seem disposed to fight the criminals in their midst.The more important reason for the fall in crime rates,many say,is a much less sophisticated one.It is a fact that crime rates have dropped as the imprisonment rate soared.In 1997 the national incarceration rate,at 645 per 100000 people was more than double the rate in 1985,and the number of inmates in city and county jails rose by 9.4%,almost double its annual average increase since 1990.Surely some criminologists argue,one set of figures is the cause of the other.It is precise because more people are being sent to prison,they claim that crime rates are falling.A 1993 study by the National Academy of Sciences actually concluded that the tripling of the prison population between 1975 and 1989 had lowered violent crime by 10-15%.Yet cause and effect may not be so obviously linked.To begin with,the sale and possession of drugs are not counted by the FBI in its crime index,which is limited to violent crimes and crimes against property.Yet drug offences account for more than a third of the recent increase in the number of those jailed;since 1980,the incarceration rate for drug arrests has increased by 1000%.And although about three-quarters of those going to prison for drug offences have committed other crimes as well,there is not yet a crystal-clear connection between filling the jails with drug-pushers and a decline in the rate of violent crime.Again,though national figures are suggestive,local ones diverge:the places where crime has dropped most sharply(such as New York City)are not always the places where incarceration has risen fastest.Jack Maple started his career in______.A.Philadelphia B.Oregon C.New Orleans D.New York 38.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?A.A now boom,on the horizon．B.Tighten the belt,the single remedy．C.Caution all right,panic not．D.The more ventures,the more chances．39.In their study,researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of______.A.exposing a long-held folk wisdom B.clarifying the predictions on dreams C.making contrasts and comparisons D.correlating effects with their causes 40.(73)四、阅读理解(5题)41.第22题2.__________42.第29题covers all area of over 69 square miles?__________43.根据下列选项回答36～40题：第21题1.__________44.第30题agriculture is also a factor for file degradation of environment?__________45.根据下列文章回答46～50题：第46题In the first paragraph，the author quotes Straussmann’s words in order to make clear__________．参考答案1.A 2.100 years 3.C 4.C 5.Behavioral management 6.The stagecoach 7.Baby Boom generation．8.B 9.As individuals 10.In a keg．11.B 12.A 13.D 14.Answers to questions．15.Human activity．16.warmwarm解析：由此句中的“contrastive views”可知，观点是相对的，此空所在短句意为“从…赞扬到冷酷的批评”，显然，应是“热烈的”.17.thoughthough解析：本句话的意思是“尽管知道顾客们可能不知道自己为什么买了这些商品，但是卖家却知道怎么去做。”故答案为though。18.ofof解析：be of the same…意为“是一样…”，此句意为“…在正确的指导下，他们能继续学习，继续通过干许多一样复杂的工作而获得多样性。”19.whichwhich解析：此空后的句子应为定语从句，修饰“token economies”，故此空应填一个可引导定语从句的词，而且前面可加介词in。20.useuse解析：后面的一句话"The expression is‘both-feet-on-the-ground．’”表示down-to-earth的另一种表达方法是both-feet-on-the-ground。而后一种说法是美国人的用法，常常被美国人使用。故答案为use。21.thosethose解析：文章中提到“16-19岁之间的日本青年跟25-29岁之间的青年对比”，这里缺少代词，替代“Japaneseyouth”。所以此处应填“those”22.towardtoward解析：作者要表达的意思是“我怎么才能对别人诚实。”英语中表达“对某人…”一般是用介词toward。故答案为toward。23.purposepurpose解析：从文中的第一句话“The most obvious purpose…”可以看出后面还有别的目的，而不是仅仅有最明显的目的。故答案为purpose。24.toto解析：“attribute to”意为“把某事归因于”，为固定搭配，所以此处应填“to”。25.onon解析：dependence on意为“依赖，依靠”，是固定短语。26.D解析：由D中Smith adds，“Investment-wise，King’s Cross is a good bet．There is a big rental market here and prices will go up．There are still cheaper properties available，one to two bedroom flats in Victorian conversions．or ex-council properties．But people are holdin 27.A解析：由本文倒数第二段可知，B、C、D均正确，只有A不对。28.C解析：由C中的第二段“…a substantial agriculture sector，which contributes to deforestation，the erosion of the top soil and desegification．has led to extreme pressures on the environment and…”可知。29.DD解析：由上下两段综合分析，只有D放在此处符合逻辑。30.B解析：由文章倒数第二段第一句“The electric catfish of the Nile and of other African fresh waters has a different system again by which current passes over the whole body from the tall to the head．”可知。31.B解析：由B中的第四句话“The northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square，”可知.32.C解析：由C中的第一段第一句话“Chicago，the second largest city in population in the United States，”可知答案为C。33.C解析：瓦萨利在文中第一段说到“Vasari expressed all unease with Botticelli’s work，…”说明他的态度是反对的，后来在最后一段中间部分“However，Home argued that Botticelli…emphasized clear depletion of a story，a unique achievement…”表明霍姆的态度是肯定的。故应选C。34.D解析：由D中的第一句“Jokhang Temple is the spiritual center of Tibet．”可知。35.CC解析：接下来讲的是人体的免疫系统与毒藤之间的关系。毒藤会使人产生什么样的反应，该空紧接的就是毒藤过敏反应时如何产生的。“Here’s how the poison ivy response occurs．”一句承上启下。所以本题应选C。36.D解析：第一段最后一句话指出了疫苗短缺所暴露出来的问题。“This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply．”says Dr．Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information，“and the lack of redundancy in our system．”“这再次凸显出我们疫苗供应的脆弱性，”全国免疫信息网的马丁·迈尔斯医生说，“此外，我们也没有必要的补救机制。”因此正37.D解析：由第一段中的“For some years，starting in New York…”可知。38.C解析：通过全文的理解，我们可以发现作者在列数了经济形势不好的局面之后，也表明了人们对此依然存在着乐观态度，有的人还能从中受益，所以作者的态度应该是“对此加以注意，但不要惶恐。”故应选C。39.C解析：这个题考察的是对后面几段的归纳。首先在第三段开始“Dr．Maquet used an electronic device called PET…they practiced a task during the day，and as they slept during the following night．”这是一种对比性的研究方法。后来的第四段最后“…their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep．”也采用了对比的分析研究，故应选C。40.A解析：由A中的第一段“Washington，the capital of the United States，is in Washington D.C.”可知答案为A。41.A由此空的上下两段可以得到答案。上段说的如何去看人的两种方法，而后面的一段接着说的地点问题。所以这里的“depending on where the meeting takes place．”符合句意，故应选A。42.A由A中的第一段“The population of the city is about800，000 and it covers an area of over 69 square miles．”可知答案为A。43.C文章的第一段说“We look at them long enough t0，make it quite clear that we see them，and then we immediately look away．”意思就是我们看人时不能一直不断的盯着看，并解释了如何去做。选项中的in this way符合了前面的意思。故应选C。44.C由C中的第二段“…a substantial agriculture sector，which contributes to deforestation，the erosion of the top soil and desertification．has led to extreme pressures on the environment and．．．．”可知。45.A短文赏析对于一个企业来说，增加雇员人数不会有效地处理工作任务，最为重要的是增加可以提高生产率的工具。信息的有效流动和终端产品的质量和输出速度有直接联系。通过计算机等技术的使用将越来越有效地降低企业的成本。通过计算机，技术人员可以直接参与项目计划，进行全程控制，从而缩减生产环节和成本。答案解析:由短文第一段最后一句“．．．managers and professionals spend mole than half of their time in communicating with each other．”可知，作者引用Strauss Mann的话主要是为了表明交流能力的重要性。安徽省亳州市公共英语五级(笔试)模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________一、1.Listening Comprehension(15题)1.How many people depend on local rice and food in South Asia currently?A.More than 150 million people.B.Less than 150 million people.C.About 100 million people.D.About 120 million people.2.How long did it take for chili pepper to become popular around the world?3.Part B Directions:You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A,B,C or D.You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.听力原文：As you all know，log structures are gaining popularity．They are no longer just the simple country homes which we think of as the traditional log cabin．Some upscale homes now incorporate natural round logs in sealing beams and walls．People seem to think that the rounded logs give their homes a cozy warm atmosphere．And even people who want to build a traditional log cabin on their own can buy a kit with precut logs that fit together like pieces of jigsaw puzzle．Before showing you some slides of modem log houses．I’d like to introduce a little historical background on the subject．Log cabins were first built in the late 1600s along the Delaware River Valley．The European immigrants who settled there brought centuries of old traditions of working with logs．And in this heavily wooded area logs were the material in hand．Log cabins were the most popular in the early 1800s with the settlers who were moving west．They provided the answer to the pioneer’s need for a safe and sturdy home that an ordinary family could build quickly．They had dirt floors and sliding boards for，windows．But the log buildings that have probably had most influence on modem architects are those of the mountain retreats of wealthy New Yorkers．These country houses which were popular in the early 1900s typify what’s known as the Adoroundyx style．Now let’s look at those slides．What is the speaker mainly discussing?A.Traditional European architecture.B.Techniques for building log cabins.C.The history of log structures.D.How to build a home yourself.4.What are the students doing when the man arrives in class?A.Taking an examination.B.Drawing graphs.C.Giving presentations.D.Having a class of discussion.5.What does the talk mainly concern?6.What was used to carry most mail after the colonies became a nation?7.What was the name given to the generation that came of age during the 1960s?8.Mr.Miller did changes on the house only for fun.A.True B.Fasle 9.According to the speaker,what does a manager have to treat everyone of his staff as?10.Where could the boats find the letters at Cape Horn?11.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of the problem,whom is it better to complain to?A.A shop assistant.B.The store manager.C.The manufacturer.D.A public organization.12.What are the shopping goods that are basically considered the same?A.Those that satisfy similar needs of the consumer．B.Those that consumers don’t care where to buy．C.Those that consumers spend much time looking for．D.Those that Can be found everywhere．13.What was the discussion topic of the previous class meeting?A.New England mystery stories.B.Eighteenth-century English criticism.C.A comparison of poems of Dickinson and Whitman.D.The poems of Walt Whitman.14.Part C Directions:You will hear a talk.As you listen,answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right.You will hear the talk TWICE.You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30.听力原文：In your university work．you will be expected to give oral presentations in the form.of reports or simply in the forms of answers to questions．There are several things you oral do to make your oral presentations clear and easy to understand．The fundamental point to realize is that speech and writing are different．If you want to be best understood．you can’t simply read your written report aloud．The biggest difference between spoken and written language is that readers can look back over the printed words when they don’t understand．In spoken language，however，listeners can’t go back and check the words．They can rely only on memory．So the first principle to keep in mind when you’re planning to speak in public is that you have to help the listener’s memory．This means that an oral report can’t deliver information as rapidly as a written report．That is，you can’t have as many pieces of new information packed into the same number of words，because they will come at too fast a rate for the listener to understand．In an oral report，the rate of delivery has to be slower．One of the best ways to help your audience is simply to speak slowly．Many people speak too fast when they speak to a group．This is a mistake，especially if you have a foreign accent，because it makes listening more difficult．Beyond the simple technique of speaking more slowly when you speak before a group，there are ways of organizing your presentation that can help the listener be clear and understand your main points．The organization of your talk should allow enough time for the listener to think both before and after each new idea．The purpose of the time before the new information is to give the audience a chance to understand the background clearly．Knowledge of the background，or setting of the information，makes it much easier to anticipate what kind of information is coming next．If the new information occurs too early，without enough background，the listeners should not be prepared with enough background to be able to predict what’s coming．I’ve been describing the time for thinking before the new information．It’s also important to provide time for thinking after the new information．This thinking time allows listeners to fit the idea into their general knowledge of the subject．Thinking time gives the listener a chance to make sure that the idea was understood before going on to the next new idea．There are three general ways to give the listener time for thinking and time after a point of new information．One way is simply to pause．A moment of silence gives the listener time to take in the new information，but there are other ways．A second method is to use a paraphrase．That is，you say the same thing，but in different words．This paraphrase，or repetition of the idea，helps the listeners to fix the thought in their memory．A third way to give the listener time to think is to use words that don’t mean much．These are words that convey no information，but just fill in time．For instance，you might say something like“as I’ve been saying”or“and so forth”and“and so on”．That kind of expression doesn’t really say anything．It’s just made of what we call“filler words”．The words have no real meaning．but they do perform.a useful function．since they allow the listener time to think．In summary，then，we know that oral language should deliver information at a slower rate than you can use in written language．New information should be presented more gradually．Thinking time should be provided both before and after each important new item．The time before is to provide a background so that the listeners can have a chance to anticipat 15.What does the speaker refer the activity of any organization to?二、2.Use of English(10题)16.Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards,from【31】______praise to cold cash,affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists,【32】______research the relation【33】______actions and their consequences argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school.Cognitive researchers,who study various aspects of mental life,maintain【34】______rewards often destroy creativity【35】______encouraging dependence【36】______approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters,especially【37】______educators.But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks【38】______in grade-school children,suggesting【39】______properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness,【40】______to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"If kids know they’re working for a【41】______and can focus【42】______a relatively challenging task,they show the most creativity",says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark."But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for【43】______performance or creating too【44】______anticipation for rewards."A teacher【45】______continually draws attention to rewards or who hands【46】______high grades for ordinary achievement ends up【47】______discouraged students,Eisenberger holds.【48】______an example of the latter point,he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing【49】In earlier grades,the use of so-called token economies,in【50】______students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards,shows promise in raising effort and creativity,the Delaware psychologist claims.(31)17.【C6】18.【C8】19.(50)20.(39)21.【C19】22.【C20】23.The most obvious purpose of advertising is to inform.the consumer of available products or services.The second【31】______is to sell the product.The second purpose might be more important to the manufacturers than the【32】______.The manufacturers go beyond only telling consumers about their products.They also try to persuade customers to buy the【33】______by creating a desire【34】______it.Because of advertisement,consumers think that they want something that they do not need.After buying something,the purchaser cannot always explain why it was【35】______.Even【36】______the purchaser probably does not know why he or she bought something,the manufacturers【37】______.Manufacturers have analyzed the business of【38】______and buying.They know all the different motives that influence a consumer’s purchase—some rational and【39】______emotional.Furthermore,they take advantage of this【40】______.Why【41】______so many products displayed at the checkout counters in grocery stores?The store management has some good【42】______.By the time the customer is【43】______to pay for a purchase,he or she has already made rational,thought-out decisions【44】______what he or she needs and wants to buy.The【45】______feels that he or she has done a good job of choosing the items.The shopper is especially vulnerable at this point.The【46】______of candy,chewing gum,and magazines are very attractive.They persuade the purchaser to buy something for emotional,not【47】______motives.For example,the customer neither needs nor plans to buy candy,but while the customer is standing,waiting to pay money,he or she may suddenly decide to buy【48】______.This is exactly【49】______the store and the manufacturer hope that the customer will【50】______.The customer follows his or her plan.(31)24.(44)25.(36)三、3.Reading Comprehension(15题)26.(78)27.Which of the statements about the teens is NOT true?A.They are ill-bred students in school.B.Some of them take“real drugs”.C.Teens needs attention.D.A few casually display scars on their arms.28.(75)29.(67)30.The electric catfish has a different electric system in that______.A.current moves from the head to the tail B.current moves from the tail to the head C.current moves from the left to the right D.current moves from the right to the left 31.(72)32.(77)33.The views of Vasari and Home on Botticelli’s products are______.A.identical B.complementary C.opposite D.similar 34.Part C Directions:Answer questions 71-80 by referring to the following games.Note:Answer each question by choosing A,B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1.Some choices may be required more than once.A=The Imperial Palace B=The Temple of Heaven C=Potala Palace D=Jokhang Temple Which palace or temple...is the spiritual center of Tibet?71.______is circular in the northern part while square in the southern part?72.______presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture?73.______covers a building space of 90 thousand square meters?74.______is the oldest one among the four in the text?75.______can present the visitor the significance of Heaven Kitchen?76.______is a combination of architectural styles from Han,Tibetan and Nepalese?77.______was the religious and political center of old Tibet?78.______is along with many comparatively small buildings on either side?79.______presents an edict signed with the Great Fifth’s handprint?80.______A The Imperial Palace What strikes one first in a bird s-eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side.That is the former Imperial Palace,popularly known as the Forbidden City,from which twenty-four emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years—from 1420 to 1911.The Ming Emperor Yong Le,who usurped the throne from his nephew and made Beijing the capital,ordered its construction,on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420.At present,the Palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China.Located in the center of Beijing,the entire palace area,rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size,is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide.At each corner of the wall stands a watchtower with a double-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.The main buildings,the six great halls,one following the other,are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate,the south entrance,to Shenwumen,the great gate piercing in the north wall.On either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings.Symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the six Eastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces.The Palace area is divided into two parts:the Outer Court and the Inner Palace.The former consists of the first three main halls,where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies,while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence.At the rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.B The Temple of Heaven The Temple of Heaven was initially built in Yongle Year 18 of the Ming Dynasty(in 1420).Situated in the southern part of the city,it covers the total area of 273 hectares.With the additions and rebuilding during the Ming,Qing and other Dynasties,this grand set of structures look magnificent and glorious;the dignified environment appears solemn and respectful.It is the place for both Ming and Qing Dynasty’s Emperors to worship Heaven and pray for good harve 35.(69)36.Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America,but this year’s is a whopper.Until last week,it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall.Then British authorities,concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool,barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp.Overnight,the U.S.vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea.Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated,they’re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to."This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply,"says Dr.Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information,"and the lack of redundancy in our system."Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out?Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it.To create a single dose of flu vaccine,a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg,then crack the egg,harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response.Profit margins are narrow,demand is fickle and,because each year’s flu virus is different,any leftover vaccine goes to waste.As a result,the United States now has only two major suppliers(Chiron and Aventis Pasteur)--and when one of them runs into trouble,there isn’t much the other can do about it."A vaccine maker can’t just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs,"says Manon Cox,of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp."There’s a whole industry that’s scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time."Sleeker technologies are now in the works,and experts are hoping that this year’s fiasco will speed the pace of innovation.The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures--a medium already used to make most other vaccines.Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way,but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy,and one culture-based product(Solvay Pharmaceuticals’Invivac)has been cleared for marketing in Europe.For Americans,the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply.The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week.That’s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand,but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year.In fact,many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign--encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.Shortages of flue vaccine show that______.A.America relies too much on foreign suppliers B.the demand of flue vaccines is high this year C.quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production D.the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up 37.The man behind this notion,Jack Maple,is a dandy who affects dark glasses,homburgs(翘边帽)and two-toe shoes;yet he has become something of a legend in America’s police departments.For some years,starting in New York and moving on to high-crime spots such as New Orleans and Philadelphia,he and his business partner,John Lieder have marketed a two-tier system for cutting crime.First,police departments have to sort themselves out:root out corruption,streamline their bureaucracy,and make more contact with the public.Second,they have to adopt a computer system called Comstat which helps them to analyze statistics of all major crimes.These are constantly keyed into the computer,which then displays where and when they have occurred on a color-coded map,enabling the police to monitor crime trends as they happen and to spot high-crime areas.In New York,Comstat’s statistical maps are analyzed each week at a meeting of the city’s police chief and precinct captains.Messrs Maple and Linder("specialists in crime-reduction services")have no doubt that their system is a main contributor to the drop in crime.When they introduced it in New Orleans in January 1997,violent crime dropped by 22%in a year;when they merely started working informally with the police department in Newark,New Jersey,violent crime fell by 13%.Police departments are now lining up to pay as much as$50,000 a month for these two men to put them straight.Probably all these new policies and bits of technical wizardry,added together,have made a big difference to crime.But there remain anomalies that cannot be explained,such as the fact that crime in Washington D.C.,has fallen as fast as anywhere,although the police department has been corrupt and hopeless and,in large stretches of the city,neither police nor residents seem disposed to fight the criminals in their midst.The more important reason for the fall in crime rates,many say,is a much less sophisticated one.It is a fact that crime rates have dropped as the imprisonment rate soared.In 1997 the national incarceration rate,at 645 per 100000 people was more than double the rate in 1985,and the number of inmates in city and county jails rose by 9.4%,almost double its annual average increase since 1990.Surely some criminologists argue,one set of figures is the cause of the other.It is precise because more people are being sent to prison,they claim that crime rates are falling.A 1993 study by the National Academy of Sciences actually concluded that the tripling of the prison population between 1975 and 1989 had lowered violent crime by 10-15%.Yet cause and effect may not be so obviously linked.To begin with,the sale and possession of drugs are not counted by the FBI in its crime index,which is limited to violent crimes and crimes against property.Yet drug offences account for more than a third of the recent increase in the number of those jailed;since 1980,the incarceration rate for drug arrests has increased by 1000%.And although about three-quarters of those going to prison for drug offences have committed other crimes as well,there is not yet a crystal-clear connection between filling the jails with drug-pushers and a decline in the rate of violent crime.Again,though national figures are suggestive,local ones diverge:the places where crime has dropped most sharply(such as New York City)are not always the places where incarceration has risen fastest.Jack Maple started his career in______.A.Philadelphia B.Oregon C.New Orleans D.New York 38.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?A.A now boom,on the horizon．B.Tighten the belt,the single remedy．C.Caution all right,panic not．D.The more ventures,the more chances．39.In their study,researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of______.A.exposing a long-held folk wisdom B.clarifying the predictions on dreams C.making contrasts and comparisons D.correlating effects with their causes 40.(73)四、阅读理解(5题)41.第22题2.__________42.第29题covers all area of over 69 square miles?__________43.根据下列选项回答36～40题：第21题1.__________44.第30题agriculture is also a factor for file degradation of environment?__________45.根据下列文章回答46～50题：第46题In the first paragraph，the author quotes Straussmann’s words in order to make clear__________．参考答案1.A 2.100 years 3.C 4.C 5.Behavioral management 6.The stagecoach 7.Baby Boom generation．8.B 9.As individuals 10.In a keg．11.B 12.A 13.D 14.Answers to questions．15.Human activity．16.warmwarm解析：由此句中的“contrastive views”可知，观点是相对的，此空所在短句意为“从…赞扬到冷酷的批评”，显然，应是“热烈的”.17.thoughthough解析：本句话的意思是“尽管知道顾客们可能不知道自己为什么买了这些商品，但是卖家却知道怎么去做。”故答案为though。18.ofof解析：be of the same…意为“是一样…”，此句意为“…在正确的指导下，他们能继续学习，继续通过干许多一样复杂的工作而获得多样性。”19.whichwhich解析：此空后的句子应为定语从句，修饰“token economies”，故此空应填一个可引导定语从句的词，而且前面可加介词in。20.useuse解析：后面的一句话"The expression is‘both-feet-on-the-ground．’”表示down-to-earth的另一种表达方法是both-feet-on-the-ground。而后一种说法是美国人的用法，常常被美国人使用。故答案为use。21.thosethose解析：文章中提到“16-19岁之间的日本青年跟25-29岁之间的青年对比”，这里缺少代词，替代“Japaneseyouth”。所以此处应填“those”22.towardtoward解析：作者要表达的意思是“我怎么才能对别人诚实。”英语中表达“对某人…”一般是用介词toward。故答案为toward。23.purposepurpose解析：从文中的第一句话“The most obvious purpose…”可以看出后面还有别的目的，而不是仅仅有最明显的目的。故答案为purpose。24.toto解析：“attribute to”意为“把某事归因于”，为固定搭配，所以此处应填“to”。25.onon解析：dependence on意为“依赖，依靠”，是固定短语。26.D解析：由D中Smith adds，“Investment-wise，King’s Cross is a good bet．There is a big rental market here and prices will go up．There are still cheaper properties available，one to two bedroom flats in Victorian conversions．or ex-council properties．But people are holdin 27.A解析：由本文倒数第二段可知，B、C、D均正确，只有A不对。28.C解析：由C中的第二段“…a substantial agriculture sector，which contributes to deforestation，the erosion of the top soil and desegification．has led to extreme pressures on the environment and…”可知。29.DD解析：由上下两段综合分析，只有D放在此处符合逻辑。30.B解析：由文章倒数第二段第一句“The electric catfish of the Nile and of other African fresh waters has a different system again by which current passes over the whole body from the tall to the head．”可知。31.B解析：由B中的第四句话“The northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square，”可知.32.C解析：由C中的第一段第一句话“Chicago，the second largest city in population in the United States，”可知答案为C。33.C解析：瓦萨利在文中第一段说到“Vasari expressed all unease with Botticelli’s work，…”说明他的态度是反对的，后来在最后一段中间部分“However，Home argued that Botticelli…emphasized clear depletion of a story，a unique achievement…”表明霍姆的态度是肯定的。故应选C。34.D解析：由D中的第一句“Jokhang Temple is the spiritual center of Tibet．”可知。35.CC解析：接下来讲的是人体的免疫系统与毒藤之间的关系。毒藤会使人产生什么样的反应，该空紧接的就是毒藤过敏反应时如何产生的。“Here’s how the poison ivy response occurs．”一句承上启下。所以本题应选C。36.D解析：第一段最后一句话指出了疫苗短缺所暴露出来的问题。“This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply．”says Dr．Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information，“and the lack of redundancy in our system．”“这再次凸显出我们疫苗供应的脆弱性，”全国免疫信息网的马丁·迈尔斯医生说，“此外，我们也没有必要的补救机制。”因此正37.D解析：由第一段中的“For some years，starting in New York…”可知。38.C解析：通过全文的理解，我们可以发现作者在列数了经济形势不好的局面之后，也表明了人们对此依然存在着乐观态度，有的人还能从中受益，所以作者的态度应该是“对此加以注意，但不要惶恐。”故应选C。39.C解析：这个题考察的是对后面几段的归纳。首先在第三段开始“Dr．Maquet used an electronic device called PET…they practiced a task during the day，and as they slept during the following night．”这是一种对比性的研究方法。后来的第四段最后“…their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep．”也采用了对比的分析研究，故应选C。40.A解析：由A中的第一段“Washington，the capital of the United States，is in Washington D.C.”可知答案为A。41.A由此空的上下两段可以得到答案。上段说的如何去看人的两种方法，而后面的一段接着说的地点问题。所以这里的“depending on where the meeting takes place．”符合句意，故应选A。42.A由A中的第一段“The population of the city is about800，000 and it covers an area of over 69 square miles．”可知答案为A。43.C文章的第一段说“We look at them long enough t0，make it quite clear that we see them，and then we immediately look away．”意思就是我们看人时不能一直不断的盯着看，并解释了如何去做。选项中的in this way符合了前面的意思。故应选C。44.C由C中的第二段“…a substantial agriculture sector，which contributes to deforestation，the erosion of the top soil and desertification．has led to extreme pressures on the environment and．．．．”可知。45.A短文赏析对于一个企业来说，增加雇员人数不会有效地处理工作任务，最为重要的是增加可以提高生产率的工具。信息的有效流动和终端产品的质量和输出速度有直接联系。通过计算机等技术的使用将越来越有效地降低企业的成本。通过计算机，技术人员可以直接参与项目计划，进行全程控制，从而缩减生产环节和成本。答案解析:由短文第一段最后一句“．．．managers and professionals spend mole than half of their time in communicating with each other．”可知，作者引用Strauss Mann的话主要是为了表明交流能力的重要性。
